cobbler自动化安装系统

时间：2023-03-09 18:14:47
cobbler自动化安装系统

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  • 在很久很久以前，使用kickstart实现自动化安装的时候，我一直认为装系统是多么高大上的活，直到cobbler的出现，让自动化批量安装系统变得如此简单。嘿嘿。现在隔壁办公室的财务妹妹都跟我学会了装系统。
  • cobbler是基于kickstart来实现自动化安装系统的，cobbler实质是把kickstart经过封装后，以web界面的方式，可以让我们以简单粗暴的方式自定义自已的系统。

安装cobbler

命令行的操作

需要epel源

yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd
[root@CentOS6 ~]# cobbler check   #检查还有哪些步骤需要做

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.    #设置server端Ip地址

2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 128.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.   #PXE设置

3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp  #把disable改为no

4 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.  #需要下载，运行cobbler get-loaders即可

5 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync  #disable改为no

6 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist  #没有这个文件

7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories  #可忽略

8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one  #提示需要修改root密码

9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them  #高可用软件，也可以忽略

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori} #备份

sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.101/' /etc/cobbler/settings #解决第一项

sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.101/' /etc/cobbler/settings #

sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings #让cobbler管理dhcp服务

sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings #禁止无限重装统

sed -ri "/default_password_crypted/s#(.: ).#\1"`openssl passwd -1 -salt 'oldboy' '123456'`"#" /etc/cobbler/settings #设置密码内嵌命令openssl passwd -1 -salt 'oldboy' '123456'

sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync #把所有yes改为no

sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp #把yes改为no

把下载好的命令传过来解压,由于从官方下载太慢，所以这里使用下载好的直接解压
[root@CentOS6 ~]# rz -E

rz waiting to receive.

[root@CentOS6 ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  cobbler_load.tar.gz  install.log  install.log.syslog

[root@CentOS6 ~]# tar xfP cobbler_load.tar.gz
[root@CentOS6 ~]# cobbler sync

task started: 2017-04-12_172139_sync

task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Apr 12 17:21:39 2017)

running pre-sync triggers

cleaning trees

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images

copying bootloaders

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot

trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

copying distros to tftpboot

copying images

generating PXE configuration files

generating PXE menu structure

rendering TFTPD files

generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

cleaning link caches

running post-sync triggers

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@CentOS6 ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

Stopping xinetd:                                           [FAILED]

Starting xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]

[root@CentOS6 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

Stopping cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]

Starting cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]

[root@CentOS6 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart

Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for CentOS6

httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName

                                                           [  OK  ]

sed -i 's#192.168.1#172.16.1#g;22d;23d' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template   #修改DHCP模版,删除网关，删除DNS

检查cobbler

现在只有三处错误了，可以忽略
[root@CentOS6 ~]# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist #这个是程序bug

2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

3 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

检查端口

[root@CentOS6 ~]# ss -luntp|grep dhcp

[root@CentOS6 ~]# cobbler sync #把所有更改做同步
注意：一个局域网只能有一个dhcp

挂载

[root@CentOS6 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

接下来进行web界面的操作

在浏览器输入http://ip/cobbler_web即可访问

web界面

1.导入镜像

  • 挂载

    cobbler自动化安装系统 
[root@CentOS6 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@CentOS6 ~]# ps -ef|grep rsync      #通过rsync进行导入的

root      25266   1582 15 17:30 ?        00:00:06 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.8-x86_64 --progress

root      25267  25266  0 17:30 ?        00:00:00 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.8-x86_64 --progress

root      25268  25267 11 17:30 ?        00:00:05 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.8-x86_64 --progress

cobbler自动化安装系统

2.如何让cobbler下载yum源

  • 导入yum源

cobbler自动化安装系统

cobbler自动化安装系统

[root@CentOS6 ~]# cd /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/

[root@CentOS6 repo_mirror]# ls

oldboyedu

  • 使用公网yum源的方法

    cobbler自动化安装系统

  • 装系统的时候关联到本地yum源

    cobbler自动化安装系统

到这一步即可完成以默认的方式安装系统

  • 自定义模版
1.创建模版文件

cobbler自动化安装系统

cobbler自动化安装系统

2.创建自定义模版

cobbler自动化安装系统

cobbler自动化安装系统

cobbler自动化安装系统

cobbler自动化安装系统

cobbler自动化安装系统

3.同步实据到服务器端
  • 开机后就可以喝咖啡了

cobbler自动化安装系统

kickstart无人值守：http://www.cnblogs.com/Csir/p/6699881.html

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