wpf数据验证实例及常用方法小结

时间：2023-03-10 02:20:42
wpf数据验证实例及常用方法小结

虽然标题是wpf数据验证，但并不是对IDataErrorInfo、ValidationRule、属性中throw Exception这几种验证方式的介绍；

之前做项目时(例如员工工资管理)，根据员工编号和年度月份验证 当月数据的唯一性，因为第一次开发wpf经验不足，所以用过几种不同的方式，并且现在用的这种方式也不是很满意，如果哪位大神有更好的办法 麻烦发个链接。

文章最后会把验证、列表的样式和验证中常使用的一些方法贴出来，方便大家使用；

列表页面 员工编号和年度月份验证

wpf数据验证实例及常用方法小结

wpf数据验证实例及常用方法小结

添加修改页面 填写编号选择月份后，验证不通过都是在编号处提示

wpf数据验证实例及常用方法小结

wpf数据验证实例及常用方法小结

一、言归正传，逐步写一下我当时的思路

1、为了实现这种需求的验证，最先想到的就是实现了ValidationRule的自定义验证类(ValidateExistLogName)能有一个属性(ValiByProperty) binding上月份中选择的值，关联月份和当前输入的员工编号来验证当月是否存在；

<Binding.ValidationRules>

<tool:ValidateExistLogName ValiByProperty="{Binding CurMonth}"/>

</Binding.ValidationRules>

　　但是只有DependencyObject派生类的DependencyProperty属性才能进行binding，于是我找到了给ValidationRule派生类的属性上binding的办法

参考链接：http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/18678/Attaching-a-Virtual-Branch-to-the-Logical-Tree-in

　　　　　https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/vstudio/en-US/982e2fcf-780f-4f1c-9730-cedcd4e24320/binding-validationrules-property?forum=wpf

　　这种方式可能添加页面比较好实现，但是对于列表DataGrid恐怕binding起来就，也许有人说可以DataGrid的IsReadOnly=false，但是我的需求是修改页面修改的同时支持列表直接修改。

2、对实体类添加PropertyChangedEventHandler事件，这种方式可以实现，但是却不是在ValidationRule中验证，而且事件中的逻辑代码也稍较麻烦，因为e.PropertyName绑定的是datepicker控件时，需throw new Exception才能显示出来错误

列表中 初始化列表时遍历datagrid中的绑定源数据：

 foreach (var item in data)

            {

                //为新加数据也加入事件

                item.PropertyChanged -= new System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventHandler(source_PropertyChanged);

                item.PropertyChanged += new System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventHandler(source_PropertyChanged);

            }

添加或者修改直接给绑定的实体类添加事件：

source.PropertyChanged += new System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventHandler(source_PropertyChanged);

3、期间还尝试了别的，但改动不大 基本记不清楚了，最后还是在派生自ValidationRule的类中添加需要验证的实体属性

public class ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName : ValidationRule

{

    public object Entity { get; set; }

    public int ValiPropertyType { get; set; }//1验证LogName，2验证CurMonth

    public override ValidationResult Validate(object value, CultureInfo cultureInfo)

    {

　　　　　　if(this.ValiPropertyType==1)

          {

                int tmp;

                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value as string) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value as string))

                {

                    return new ValidationResult(false, "不能为空！");

                }

                else if (!int.TryParse(value as string, out tmp))

                {

                    return new ValidationResult(false, "请输入正确的数字！");

                }

                else if(...验证是否已存在)

　　　　　　　　　.........

　　　　　　}

                .........

    }

}

1、DataGrid列表

//在单元格开始编辑的时候，把要验证的实体赋值

dataGrid.PreparingCellForEdit += delegate(object sender, DataGridPreparingCellForEditEventArgs e)

{

              //记录原始状态

                AllowanceData model = e.Row.Item as AllowanceData;

                allowanceDataHelper.SourceToModel(model, originalModel);

                //获取cell

                DataGridCell cell = OperateControlHelper.GetCell(dataGrid, e.Row.GetIndex(), e.Column.DisplayIndex);
                //判断当前编辑的是TextBox还是DatePicker

                DatePicker dp = OperateControlHelper.GetVisualChild<DatePicker>(cell);

                TextBox txb = OperateControlHelper.GetVisualChild<TextBox>(cell);

                FrameworkElement node;

                DependencyProperty depenPro;

                if (dp != null)

                {

                    node = dp;

                    depenPro = DatePicker.TextProperty;

                }

                else if (txb != null)

                {

                    node = txb;

                    depenPro = TextBox.TextProperty;

                }

                else

                {

                    throw new Exception("...");

                }

                InitValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName(node, new ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName() { Entity = originalModel });

}

2、添加或修改页面直接调用

InitValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName(txbLogName, new ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName() { Entity = source });

InitValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName(dpCurMonth, new ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName() { Entity = source });

//调用

void InitValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName(FrameworkElement node, ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName modelArgs)

        {

            //获取类型

            DependencyProperty depenPro;

            if (node is DatePicker)

            {

                depenPro = DatePicker.TextProperty;

            }

            else

            {

                depenPro = TextBox.TextProperty;

            }

            //获取自定义验证

            ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName validateLogNameOrCurMonth = node.GetBindingExpression(depenPro).ParentBinding.ValidationRules.Select(v =>

            {

                if (v is ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName)

                    return v;

                return null;

            }).FirstOrDefault() as ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName;

            if (validateLogNameOrCurMonth != null)

            {

                validateLogNameOrCurMonth.Entity = modelArgs.Entity;

            }

        }

二、styel

1、列表的样式

<Style TargetType="DataGrid">

            <Setter Property="AutoGenerateColumns" Value="False"/>

            <!--<Setter Property="IsReadOnly" Value="True"/>-->

            <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Top"/>

            <Setter Property="CanUserSortColumns" Value="False"/>

            <Setter Property="CanUserResizeColumns" Value="False"/>

            <Setter Property="CanUserResizeRows" Value="False"/>

            <Setter Property="SelectionMode" Value="Extended"/>

            <Setter Property="SelectionUnit" Value="FullRow"/>

            <Setter Property="CanUserReorderColumns" Value="False"/>

            <Setter Property="AlternationCount" Value="2"/>

            <Setter Property="RowHeaderWidth" Value="0"/>

            <Setter Property="CanUserAddRows" Value="False"/>

            <Setter Property="CanUserResizeColumns" Value="false"/>

            <Setter Property="Background" Value="#b7e9fe" />

            <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="gray" />

            <Setter Property="HorizontalGridLinesBrush">

                <Setter.Value>

                    <SolidColorBrush Color="#85cfee"/>

                </Setter.Value>

            </Setter>

            <Setter Property="VerticalGridLinesBrush">

                <Setter.Value>

                    <SolidColorBrush Color="#85cfee"/>

                </Setter.Value>

            </Setter>

        </Style>

        <Style TargetType="DataGridColumnHeader">

            <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True" />

            <Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="0" />

            <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="28" />

            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#07638a" />

            <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Bold"/>

            <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="12" />

            <Setter Property="Cursor" Value="Hand" />

            <Setter Property="Template">

                <Setter.Value>

                    <ControlTemplate TargetType="DataGridColumnHeader">

                        <Border x:Name="BackgroundBorder" BorderThickness="0,1,0,1"

                             BorderBrush="#85cfee"

                              Width="Auto">

                            <Grid >

                                <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

                                    <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />

                                </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

                                <ContentPresenter  Margin="0,0,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>

                                <Path x:Name="SortArrow" Visibility="Collapsed" Data="M0,0 L1,0 0.5,1 z" Stretch="Fill"  Grid.Column="2" Width="8" Height="6" Fill="White" Margin="0,0,50,0"

                            VerticalAlignment="Center" RenderTransformOrigin="1,1" />

                                <Rectangle Width="1" Fill="#85cfee" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Grid.ColumnSpan="1" />

                            </Grid>

                        </Border>

                    </ControlTemplate>

                </Setter.Value>

            </Setter>

            <Setter Property="Height" Value="25"/>

        </Style>

        <Style  TargetType="DataGridRow">

            <Setter Property="Background" Value="#FFFFFF" />

            <Setter Property="Height" Value="25"/>

            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#07638a" />

            <Style.Triggers>

                <Trigger Property="AlternationIndex" Value="0" >

                    <Setter Property="Background" Value="#FFFFFF" />

                </Trigger>

                <Trigger Property="AlternationIndex" Value="1" >

                    <Setter Property="Background" Value="#e1f5fd" />

                </Trigger>

                <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">

                    <Setter Property="Background" Value="LightGray"/>

                </Trigger>

                <Trigger Property="IsSelected" Value="True">

                    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black"/>

                </Trigger>

            </Style.Triggers>

        </Style>

2、DataGrid的ErrorTemplate

<Style x:Key="textBoxErrorTemplateInDataGrid" TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}">

        <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"/>

        <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left"/>

        <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#6bc4e9"/>

        <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>

        <Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="80"/>

        <Style.Triggers>

            <Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="true">

                <Setter Property="Validation.ErrorTemplate">

                    <Setter.Value>

                        <ControlTemplate>

                            <DockPanel LastChildFill="True">

                                <Ellipse DockPanel.Dock="Right"

Width="15" Height="15" Margin="-25,0,0,0" StrokeThickness="1" Fill="Red" >

                                    <Ellipse.Stroke>

                                        <LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="1,0.5" StartPoint="0,0.5">

                                            <GradientStop Color="#FFFA0404" Offset="0"/>

                                            <GradientStop Color="#FFC9C7C7" Offset="1"/>

                                        </LinearGradientBrush>

                                    </Ellipse.Stroke>

                                </Ellipse>

                                <TextBlock DockPanel.Dock="Right" ToolTip="{Binding ElementName=errorHint,Path=AdornedElement.(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}"

Foreground="White" FontSize="11pt" Margin="-15,5,0,0" FontWeight="Bold">!

<TextBlock.Triggers>

</TextBlock.Triggers>

                                </TextBlock>

                                <Border BorderBrush="Red" BorderThickness="1">

                                    <AdornedElementPlaceholder Name="errorHint" />

                                </Border>

                            </DockPanel>

                        </ControlTemplate>

                    </Setter.Value>

                </Setter>

            </Trigger>

        </Style.Triggers>

    </Style>

3、添加修改的ErrorTemplate

 <Style x:Key="datePickerErrorTemplate" TargetType="{x:Type DatePicker}">

        <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"/>

        <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left"/>

        <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#6bc4e9"/>

        <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#07638a"/>

        <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5, 10, 0, 0"/>

        <Setter Property="Width" Value="120"/>

        <Setter Property="Height" Value="23"/>

        <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>

        <Style.Triggers>

            <Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="true">

                <Setter Property="Validation.ErrorTemplate">

                    <Setter.Value>

                        <ControlTemplate>

                            <DockPanel LastChildFill="True">

                                <TextBlock DockPanel.Dock="Right" Margin="5,0,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Center" Foreground="Red" FontSize="12"

                                Text="{Binding ElementName=errorHint, Path=AdornedElement.(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}">

                                </TextBlock>

                                <Border BorderBrush="Red" BorderThickness="1">

                                    <AdornedElementPlaceholder Name="errorHint" />

                                </Border>

                            </DockPanel>

                        </ControlTemplate>

                    </Setter.Value>

                </Setter>

            </Trigger>

        </Style.Triggers>

    </Style>

　　

三、wpf验证中常用的方法

1、获取自定义验证类

public YourValidationRule GetValidationRule(FrameworkElement node,DependencyProperty depenPro)
{
YourValidationRule vr = node.GetBindingExpression(depenPro).ParentBinding.ValidationRules.Select(v =>

            {

                if (v is YourValidationRule )

　　　　　　　　　return v; return null;

           }).FirstOrDefault() as YourValidationRule ;
return vr;
}

2、递归判断是否有未通过验证的控件

        public static bool IsHasError(DependencyObject node, out string errorMsg)

        {

            errorMsg = string.Empty;

            if (node != null)

            {

                bool isValid = !Validation.GetHasError(node);

                if (!isValid)

                {

                    if (node is IInputElement)

                        if (((IInputElement)node).IsEnabled == true)

                        {

                            ValidationError ve = Validation.GetErrors(node).FirstOrDefault();

                            if (ve != null)

                            {

                                errorMsg = ve.ErrorContent.ToString();

                            }

                            Keyboard.Focus((IInputElement)node);

                            return false;

                        }

                }

            }

            foreach (object subnode in LogicalTreeHelper.GetChildren(node))

            {

                if (subnode is DependencyObject)

                {

                    if (IsHasError((DependencyObject)subnode, out errorMsg) == false) return false;

                }

            }

            return true;

        }

3、向控件中添加错误验证

public static void AddValidationError<T>(FrameworkElement fe, DependencyProperty dp, string errorMsg) where T : ValidationRule, new()

        {

            ValidationError validationError =

new ValidationError(new NotConvertInt(),

fe.GetBindingExpression(dp));

            validationError.ErrorContent = "该用户在本月已存在数据！";

            Validation.MarkInvalid(

                fe.GetBindingExpression(dp),

                validationError);

        }

4、清空控件中的错误验证

public static void ClearValidationError(FrameworkElement fe, DependencyProperty dp)

        {

            Validation.ClearInvalid(fe.GetBindingExpression(dp));

        }

5、从DataGrid获得Cell

public static DataGridCell GetCell(DataGrid dataGrid, int row, int column)

        {

            DataGridRow rowContainer = GetRow(dataGrid, row);

            if (rowContainer != null)

            {

                DataGridCellsPresenter presenter = GetVisualChild<DataGridCellsPresenter>(rowContainer);

                if (presenter == null)

                {

                    dataGrid.ScrollIntoView(rowContainer, dataGrid.Columns[column]);

                    presenter = GetVisualChild<DataGridCellsPresenter>(rowContainer);

                }

                DataGridCell cell = (DataGridCell)presenter.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(column);

                return cell;

            }

            return null;

        }

6、从DataGrid获得Row

 public static DataGridRow GetRow(DataGrid dataGrid, int index)

        {

            DataGridRow row = (DataGridRow)dataGrid.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(index);

            if (row == null)

            {

                dataGrid.UpdateLayout();

                dataGrid.ScrollIntoView(dataGrid.Items[index]);

                row = (DataGridRow)dataGrid.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(index);

            }

            return row;

        }

7、获取指定索引项的元素

public static TContainer GetContainerFromIndex<TContainer>

  (ItemsControl itemsControl, int index)

    where TContainer : DependencyObject

        {

            return (TContainer)

              itemsControl.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(index);

        }

8、从DataGrid中获取正在编辑的Row

public static DataGridRow GetEditingRow(DataGrid dataGrid)

        {

            var sIndex = dataGrid.SelectedIndex;

            if (sIndex >= 0)

            {

                var selected = GetContainerFromIndex<DataGridRow>(dataGrid, sIndex);

                if (selected.IsEditing) return selected;

            }

            for (int i = 0; i < dataGrid.Items.Count; i++)

            {

                if (i == sIndex) continue;

                var item = GetContainerFromIndex<DataGridRow>(dataGrid, i);

                if (item.IsEditing) return item;

            }

            return null;

        }