使用docker create [image-name] 创建一个容器
创建一个nginx镜像的容器，由于没有指定各项参数，容器实用默认参数，创建后并不会启动，并将容器的ID输出到终端，如果本地没有镜像，将从网络下载镜像。
[root@docker ~]# docker create nginx
63dd9de3c7280959175223c32253623ac0c0ec7680f1051391b62adc126d464f
使用docker run [image-name] 创建一个容器并运行该容器
创建一个nginx镜像的容器，由于没有指定各项参数，容器实用默认参数，创建并启动运行，并将容器的ID输出到终端，如果本地没有镜像，将从网络下载镜像。但是请使用-d 参数，让容器运行在后台，不然该终端将会被占用无法使用。
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d nginx
593d0b66c5b44b2b810076469872d1032376116e2352846aa60a190f7365d914
实用docker ps -a 命令查看当前docker创建的容器，并显示运行状态
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
63dd9de3c728 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 3 minutes ago Created gifted_minsky
启动一个创建好的或者被停止的容器
使用docker start [container id] 启动容器
[root@docker ~]# docker start 63dd9de3c728
63dd9de3c728
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
63dd9de3c728 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 7 minutes ago Up 4 seconds 80/tcp gifted_minsky
停止一个正在运行的容器
使用docker stop [container id] 启动容器
[root@docker ~]# docker stop 63dd9de3c728
63dd9de3c728
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
63dd9de3c728 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 seconds ago gifted_minsky
使用docker rm 删除一个容器
如果被删除的容器处于运行状态，将无法删除
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
63dd9de3c728 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 11 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp gifted_minsky
[root@docker ~]# docker rm 63dd9de3c728
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 63dd9de3c7280959175223c32253623ac0c0ec7680f1051391b62adc126d464f. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
停止要删除后的容器然后在删除容器
[root@docker ~]# docker stop 63dd9de3c728
63dd9de3c728
[root@docker ~]# docker rm 63dd9de3c728
63dd9de3c728
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
创建容器的参数
| OPTIONS | 说明 |
|---|---|
| -a stdin | 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项 |
| -d | 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID |
| -i | 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用 |
| -t | 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用 |
| --name="nginx-lb" | 为容器指定一个名称 |
| --dns 8.8.8.8 | 指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致 |
| --dns-search example.com | 指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致 |
| -h "mars" | 指定容器的hostname |
| -e username="ritchie" | 设置环境变量 |
| --env-file=[] | 从指定文件读入环境变量 |
| --cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2" | 绑定容器到指定CPU运行 |
| -m | 设置容器使用内存最大值 |
| --net="bridge" | 指定容器的网络连接类型，支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型 |
| --link=[] | 添加链接到另一个容器 |
| --expose=[] | 开放一个端口或一组端口 |
-it
-it 参数一般连用，在docker run 启动一个容器后提供一个容器的终端，如果容器中没开启shell进程，也无法对容器进行交互
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it centos
[root@a8c4541d52fc /]#
退出容器请使用CTRL + D ；CTRL + C 只会发送给容器的shell，不会退出容器
--name="container name"
--name 将会为容器指定一个名称，没有这个参数，容器的名称将由系统分配
[root@docker ~]# docker create --name="centos-1" centos
eb96e184b3840979de8c9e66adda190c8465fc73dfae65418d8bc0c9c62f491c
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eb96e184b384 centos "/bin/bash" 25 seconds ago Created centos-1
-p
-p 参数将一个docker主机的端口映射到容器中，有如下几种格式：
ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort | [range hostPort]:containerPort |[range hostPort]:[range containerPort]
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it -d -p 192.168.0.141:10000:80 --name=c-1 centos
37a154d52dc218499e535e2264753006dc29e40e7d33f35be420d38b3bfb4847
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it -d -p 192.168.0.141::80 --name=n-1 centos
1acf8de94a8e485a19be3e5be0735f4e88807cee8c0f466d18eb1bf2c633ab44
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it -d -p 10001:80 --name=a-1 centos
bbb33f76794dd059a96872c1ff2add28719df15b326fb87864284d10d5e9d470
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it -d -p 10010-10020:80-90 --name=q-1 centos
3877df081cea0903ba91910bf4ee5150cac55d337435f66075c237956350bd42
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it -d -p 10030-10040:80 --name=w-1 centos
8296c4196bfaae55d7d7ec145086bf31b257aea733567501a61d57dcd553a320
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8296c4196bfa centos "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:10031->80/tcp w-1
3877df081cea centos "/bin/bash" 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 0.0.0.0:10010->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10011->81/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10012->82/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10013->83/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10014->84/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10015->85/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10016->86/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10017->87/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10018->88/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10019->89/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10020->90/tcp q-1
bbb33f76794d centos "/bin/bash" 19 seconds ago Up 18 seconds 0.0.0.0:10001->80/tcp a-1
1acf8de94a8e centos "/bin/bash" 27 seconds ago Up 26 seconds 192.168.0.141:32769->80/tcp n-1
37a154d52dc2 centos "/bin/bash" 39 seconds ago Up 39 seconds 192.168.0.141:10000->80/tcp c-1
-v 挂载数据卷
将本地文件/root/pan1/pan.txt 挂载到容器/etc/resolv.conf
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name web-1 -v /root/pan1/pan.txt:/etc/resolv.conf nginx
d01e19d1c6284a7a5dfc344c7f4ee27da5c099d7ebd95048efea3e6c7b038d55
将本地目录/root/pan1挂载到容器/etc/pan1 下
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name web-2 -v /root/pan1:/etc/pan1 nginx
52a1a7df2964e62a11cf53778e3d461e21090857b03d277db36509c94b3be660
创建一个数据卷，数据卷不会随着容器被删除而被删除
[root@docker ~]# docker create -v /shiyanloudata --name shiyan -it centos
46fa93471dda1814781ba57727e12e7678ca243b281ed928b64752ab6b2f6031
[root@docker ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local f8bb990062eebe25d7fdfaa76db5130d89ebacd50a18e25992e83e97ba862123
数据卷可以被多个容器共享，容器挂载其他容器的数据卷
[root@docker ~]# docker run --volumes-from shiyan --name web12345 -d nginx
8b6cb7beed18e2070fea14b00db89c7b1b7491ed40f1850cef9e5e83c9859103
查看容器的信息
docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect web12345
[
{
"Id": "8b6cb7beed18e2070fea14b00db89c7b1b7491ed40f1850cef9e5e83c9859103",
"Created": "2017-07-05T15:53:39.588794033Z",
"Path": "nginx",
"Args": [
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 11693,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2017-07-05T15:53:39.755359815Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:c246cd3dd41d35f9deda43609cdeaa9aaf04d3658f9c5e38aad25c4ea5efee10",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8b6cb7beed18e2070fea14b00db89c7b1b7491ed40f1850cef9e5e83c9859103/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8b6cb7beed18e2070fea14b00db89c7b1b7491ed40f1850cef9e5e83c9859103/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8b6cb7beed18e2070fea14b00db89c7b1b7491ed40f1850cef9e5e83c9859103/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8b6cb7beed18e2070fea14b00db89c7b1b7491ed40f1850cef9e5e83c9859103/8b6cb7beed18e2070fea14b00db89c7b1b7491ed40f1850cef9e5e83c9859103-json.log",
"Name": "/web12345",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": [
"shiyan"
],
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": -1,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": 0,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/ff7668f4f80e6c01e2d669be8303b33191da439384e3212eb4c6dde337897e5d/root",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/f37762cd46028d515d9076e386f725a0d28ced80f16b7fc6983b7e7bcf57d85c/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/f37762cd46028d515d9076e386f725a0d28ced80f16b7fc6983b7e7bcf57d85c/upper",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/f37762cd46028d515d9076e386f725a0d28ced80f16b7fc6983b7e7bcf57d85c/work"
},
"Name": "overlay"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Name": "07a47233da2320118f5fd04621bede68f178b460bf045c72b602c0f58881620e",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/07a47233da2320118f5fd04621bede68f178b460bf045c72b602c0f58881620e/_data",
"Destination": "/shiyan",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "8b6cb7beed18",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.13.1-1~stretch",
"NJS_VERSION=1.13.1.0.1.10-1~stretch"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "nginx",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {},
"StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "9f43f43c72567aaad066ba824cf33a5349c95a5f99b5c771c558fedcdbe396f4",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"80/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/9f43f43c7256",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "1c1efb2dc8b892d45dbb5a45ca1a1b7477f61fc76c7ed58f3fc71207e36fef2d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.9",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:09",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "6536d99d4f08428535db0de618aa15b0ee2663c50b197ec4dca77b9a1210f9e4",
"EndpointID": "1c1efb2dc8b892d45dbb5a45ca1a1b7477f61fc76c7ed58f3fc71207e36fef2d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.9",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:09"
}
}
}
}
]
查看指定的信息使用-f参数：
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect -f {{.LogPath}} web12345
/var/lib/docker/containers/8b6cb7beed18e2070fea14b00db89c7b1b7491ed40f1850cef9e5e83c9859103/8b6cb7beed18e2070fea14b00db89c7b1b7491ed40f1850cef9e5e83c9859103-json.log
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect -f {{.Config.Image}} web12345
nginx
参考资料：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/inspect/#examples
参考文档
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/create/