之前用maven+spring+mybatis+spring mvc搭建了一个web项目，用于学习spring及相关知识，现在打算将mybatis换成hibernate，一样搭建一个框架。
其实mybatis或者hibernate都只是orm框架，负责数据持久层的工作，spring对这二者都提供了较好的支持。只不过在具体的实现配置上有一些差异。
话不多说，接下来以一个实例一步一步介绍如何搭建spring+hibernate的框架。
1.新建maven项目
导入必要的jar包。关于如何新建maven项目，可以看这篇文章。maven安装配置及使用maven创建一个web项目
2.引入jar包
我们来看下maven项目的pom.xml文件，这份文件是我从之前做maven+spring+mybatis+spring mvc项目的pom.xml文件中拷贝过来，并且将其中的mybatis相关包换成hibernate的相关包。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.xdx</groupId>
<artifactId>warrior_hibernate</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>warrior_hibernate Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<!-- spring核心包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.2..RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.2..RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>4.2..RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.2..RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>4.2..RELEASE</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>4.2..RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>4.2..RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>4.2..RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>4.2..RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jdbc驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.-dmr</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate核心包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>4.3..Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>4.3..Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 打印日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 其他 -->
<!-- jsp标签 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl-impl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!-- net.sf.json-lib -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
<artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<classifier>jdk15</classifier>
</dependency>
<!-- websocket -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.java-websocket</groupId>
<artifactId>Java-WebSocket</artifactId>
<version>1.3.</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 文件上传 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 分页插件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
<artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
<version>5.0.-beta</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 百度富文本 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.qiuxiaoj</groupId>
<artifactId>ueditor</artifactId>
<version>1.1.</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version></version>
</dependency>
<!-- 防止responseBody中文乱码 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.5.</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.5.</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 邮件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.mail-api</artifactId>
<version>1.6.</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>smtp</artifactId>
<version>1.6.</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mailapi</artifactId>
<version>1.6.</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
<artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
<version>1.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- quartz -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>2.3.</version>
</dependency>
<!-- redis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
<version>1.8..RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>2.9.</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-session-data-redis</artifactId>
<version>1.3..RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
</dependency>
<!-- 照片处理 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mortennobel</groupId>
<artifactId>java-image-scaling</artifactId>
<version>0.8.</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 第三方统计 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.bull.javamelody</groupId>
<artifactId>javamelody-core</artifactId>
<version>1.69.</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>warrior_hibernate</finalName>
</build>
</project>
主要的包是spring核心包，hibernate核心包，jdbc驱动，以及测试包等，其他包是今后扩展功能的时候用到的，暂时可以不用。
这边还需要注意的是，我本来用的是hibernate5.x的包，但是在启动项目的时候报错了，最后查出是因为包的版本太高，与spring的jar包发生了冲突，后面将其降为hibernate4.x才排除了错误。具体的排错过程，可以看这里。tomcat启动失败的一种可能性
3.建立数据库
并且建表。选取其中一个表t_admin，其表结构如下图所示。
4.建立实体对象
既然是用hibernate，则需要为数据库的表对象建立相应的java实体对象。具体可以参考这边文章。使用Myeclipse为数据表创建hibernate实体对象
创建后的实体文件如下所示。
TAdmin.java
package com.xdx.entity; import java.sql.Timestamp; /**
* TAdmin entity. @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools
*/ public class TAdmin implements java.io.Serializable { // Fields private Integer adminId;
private String adminName;
private String password;
private String realName;
private Integer roleId;
private Timestamp createTime;
private Timestamp updateTime;
private Integer isDel; // Constructors /** default constructor */
public TAdmin() {
} /** minimal constructor */
public TAdmin(String password, Integer roleId, Timestamp createTime,
Integer isDel) {
this.password = password;
this.roleId = roleId;
this.createTime = createTime;
this.isDel = isDel;
} /** full constructor */
public TAdmin(String adminName, String password, String realName,
Integer roleId, Timestamp createTime, Timestamp updateTime,
Integer isDel) {
this.adminName = adminName;
this.password = password;
this.realName = realName;
this.roleId = roleId;
this.createTime = createTime;
this.updateTime = updateTime;
this.isDel = isDel;
} // Property accessors public Integer getAdminId() {
return this.adminId;
} public void setAdminId(Integer adminId) {
this.adminId = adminId;
} public String getAdminName() {
return this.adminName;
} public void setAdminName(String adminName) {
this.adminName = adminName;
} public String getPassword() {
return this.password;
} public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
} public String getRealName() {
return this.realName;
} public void setRealName(String realName) {
this.realName = realName;
} public Integer getRoleId() {
return this.roleId;
} public void setRoleId(Integer roleId) {
this.roleId = roleId;
} public Timestamp getCreateTime() {
return this.createTime;
} public void setCreateTime(Timestamp createTime) {
this.createTime = createTime;
} public Timestamp getUpdateTime() {
return this.updateTime;
} public void setUpdateTime(Timestamp updateTime) {
this.updateTime = updateTime;
} public Integer getIsDel() {
return this.isDel;
} public void setIsDel(Integer isDel) {
this.isDel = isDel;
} }
TAdmin.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!--
Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.xdx.entity.TAdmin" table="t_admin" catalog="qgranite">
<id name="adminId" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="admin_id" />
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="adminName" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="admin_name" length="100" />
</property>
<property name="password" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="password" length="100" not-null="true" />
</property>
<property name="realName" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="real_name" length="100" />
</property>
<property name="roleId" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="role_id" not-null="true" />
</property>
<property name="createTime" type="java.sql.Timestamp">
<column name="create_time" length="19" not-null="true" />
</property>
<property name="updateTime" type="java.sql.Timestamp">
<column name="update_time" length="19" />
</property>
<property name="isDel" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="is_del" not-null="true" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
5.创建项目的主要包
分别创建com.xdx.entity,com.xdx.service,com.xdx.dao，com.xdx.controller，com.xdx.util等包。如下图所示。并将上面生成的实体放入com.xdx.entity包中。
6.编写数据源配置文件
项目采用阿里数据连接池，druid。jdpc.properities配置文件如下。
#数据源1
url:jdbc:mysql://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:3306/qgranite?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&characterSetResults=utf8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=CONVERT_TO_NULL&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false
driverClassName:com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
username:xdx
password:xxxxxxxxx
filters:stat
maxActive:20
initialSize:1
maxWait:60000
minIdle:10
maxIdle:15
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis:60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis:300000
validationQuery:SELECT 'x'
testWhileIdle:true
testOnBorrow:false
testOnReturn:false
maxOpenPreparedStatements:20
removeAbandoned:true
removeAbandonedTimeout:1800
logAbandoned:true
# hibernate.X
hibernate.connection.driverClass=org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:mysql://139.196.235.228:3306/qgranite
hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
hibernate.connection.username=xdx
hibernate.connection.password=wonyen@1602
hibernate.show_sql=true
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create-drop 这边千万不要写create-drop,不然每次项目启动他会先删除表，再重建，表中的数据也会丢失
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update
这边需要注意3个地方。
a.url的配置需要跟上后面那堆参数，那是新的jdbc驱动要求的，如果不跟，会报错。
b.driverClassName要写com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver而不是旧版本的com.mysql.jdbc.Driver，因为后者已经过时了。
c.hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto千万不要写=create-drop，否则项目启动的时候会把所有数据表删除，然后再新建，这样里面的数据就不见了，我这边写的是update，即有修改的时候会自动update.
上述配置文件会被spring的主配置文件，ApplicationContext.xml引用。
7.编写spring主配置文件
spring主配置文件是spring项目最重要的一个配置文件，数据源配置，事务管理配置，以及加载所有javabean等都在此处配置。当我们启动一个web项目的时候，先去加载项目所引用的jar包（包括jdk,tomcat，还有maven处所引用的jar包），接下来去访问web.xml文件，根据web.xml文件的配置，找到spring主配置文件的位置，读取其内容，然后就可以进行加载javabean，初始化数据库连接池等工作了。（关于web项目启动的步骤，可以参照这篇文章。）