Postfix 邮件服务 - postfix服务

postfix 邮件服务 也是基于sendmail （需要关闭或卸载sendmail）
postfix 是一个电子邮件服务器，它为了改良sendmail邮件服务器而产生的，并且它的配置文件比sendmail简单得多，配置相当容易。
postfix 作为发送邮件服务器

1、安装

yum install postfix

　postfix 检测版本；

postconf -d | grep mail_version
postconf 还有其他命令可以了解一下。

2、创建邮件专用账户 ( 为下面配置需要使用 )；

groupadd -g 5000 wmail
useradd -g wmail -u 5000 -s /sbin/nologin wmail

/etc/passwd 查看：

3、创建 postfix 库

新安装mysql默认没有root密码 直接登录；

为 postfix 创建 email 库,设置任意远程账户或者限制为本机localhost访问；

便于实验使用 库名账户密码都为 postfix

mysql -u root -p
mysql> create database postfix default character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
Query OK,  row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all on postfix.* to 'postfix'@'%' identified by 'postfix';
Query OK,  rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

4、文件配置

postfix 的配置文件是 main.cf

配置示例参考：
[root@mail ~]# cat /etc/postfix/main.cf 

queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
command_directory = /usr/sbin
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all

myhostname = mail.wangxiaojing.com
mydomain = wangxiaojing.com
myorigin = $mydomain
# mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
mydestination =
mynetworks = 0.0.0.0/0
# 可以设置允许的网段访问
local_recipient_maps =

unknown_local_recipient_reject_code =
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases

debug_peer_level =
debugger_command =
     PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
     ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
html_directory = no
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6./samples
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6./README_FILES

#启用SMTP认证
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name
smtpd_sender_restrictions =
        permit_mynetworks,
        reject_sender_login_mismatch,
        reject_authenticated_sender_login_mismatch,
        reject_unauthenticated_sender_login_mismatch

smtpd_sasl_application_name = smtpd
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_security_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated

#smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
#smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
#smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
#smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
#smtpd_use_tls = yes

#启用虚拟用户
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/wmail/
# 前面创建的邮件专用账户
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps

virtual_alias_maps =
   proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf,
   proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf,
   proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf

virtual_mailbox_maps =
   proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf,
   proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf

virtual_uid_maps = static:
virtual_gid_maps = static:
virtual_transport = dovecot
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 

master.cf  配置参考：

 在 master.cf 文件最后添加：

dovecot   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
          flags=DRhu user=wmail:wmail argv=/usr/libexec/dovecot/dovecot-lda -f ${sender} -d ${recipient}
# 注意空格 不要顶行 否则会报错。

5、启动检测：

/etc/init.d/postfix start
chkconfig postfix on
ss -tln  （检测 SMTP  端口）

6、创建 数据库连接相关文件

mkdir /etc/postfix/sql/

　　在 sql 目录下创建以下连接文件

# cat mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT goto FROM alias,alias_domain WHERE alias_domain.alias_domain = '%d' and alias.address = CONCAT('@', alias_domain.target_domain) AND alias.active =  AND alias_domain.active=''

# cat mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT maildir FROM mailbox,alias_domain WHERE alias_domain.alias_domain = '%d' and mailbox.username = CONCAT('%u','@',alias_domain.target_domain) AND mailbox.active =  AND alias_domain.active=''

# cat mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT goto FROM alias,alias_domain WHERE alias_domain.alias_domain = '%d' and alias.address = CONCAT('%u', '@', alias_domain.target_domain) AND alias.active =  AND alias_domain.active=''

# cat mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT goto FROM alias WHERE address='%s' AND active = ''

# cat mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain='%s' AND active = ''

# cat mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT quota FROM mailbox WHERE username='%s' AND active = ''

# cat mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT maildir FROM mailbox WHERE username='%s' AND active = ''

7、测试 sasl 与 postfix 集成链接；

telnet mail.wangxiaojing.com 25

　　测试输入 ehlo wangxiaojing.com 结果如下： 表示连接状态和服务状态正确

[root@mail~ ]# telnet mail.wangxiaojing.com
Trying 172.16.2.18...
Connected to mail.wangxiaojing.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
 mail.wangxiaojing.com ESMTP Postfix
ehlo wangxiaojing.com
-mail.wangxiaojing.com
-PIPELINING
-SIZE
-VRFY
-ETRN
-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN CRAM-MD5
-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN CRAM-MD5
-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
-8BITMIME
 DSN
quit
 2.0. Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.

8、邮件发送测试；（qq邮箱或者其他公网邮箱服务有可能会被当垃圾邮件屏蔽）

可以看 /var/log/maillog 日志信息查看。

发送邮件测试（格式）
链接 smtp  端口
发件服务 随机 [e-mail]
from 发送邮件
rcpt 方式发送
data 内容格式
. 邮件编辑结束


telnet mail.wangxiaojing.com
mail from:[e-mail]
rcpt to:@qq.com
data
note.
.
quit

测试发送

QQ 邮箱上查看：