开发环境：
开发板 FriendlyARM Tiny6410
主机 CentOS release 6.4 （Final）
参考：
http://www.cnblogs.com/plinx/archive/2013/03/15/2960925.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/plinx/archive/2013/04/11/2963823.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/plinx/archive/2013/04/13/3015851.html
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/a4d3f5320b4c2e3f572763d5.html
u-boot的2010.03版本最接近三星定制的s3c-u-boot-1.1.6版本，所以选此版本尝试移植。对于arm11架构的芯片，u-boot-2010.03仅支持6400，我们可以复制并修改6400的相关文件，使u-boot支持6410。
1.获得源码
到http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/下载u-boot-2010.03.tar.bz2，解压。
2.首次编译
在u-boot根目录配置并编译
make smdk6400_config
make
编译成功，在u-boot根目录下生成的u-boot.bin即为u-boot镜像。
3.文件添加
make clean
3.1）board目录
cd board/samsung/
mkdir smdk6410
cp smdk6400/* smdk6410/
cd smdk6410
mv smdk6400.c smdk6410.c
将目录下所有文件中的。
查找board/samsung/smdk6410目录下含有“6400”的文件，将这些文件中的“6400”替换成“6410”。vim下的替换命令是“:%s/6400/6410/g”。
[root@tang* smdk6410]# find . -name "*" | xargs grep ""
./Makefile:COBJS-y := smdk6400.o
./lowlevel_init.S:#include <asm/arch/s3c6400.h>
./lowlevel_init.S: /* r1 = physical address of s3c6400_cpu_resume function */
./lowlevel_init.S: /* Jump to kernel (sleep-s3c6400.S) */
./lowlevel_init.S: * seem to make much sense on S3C6400.
./lowlevel_init.S:#ifndef CONFIG_S3C6400
./lowlevel_init.S:#elif !defined(CONFIG_S3C6400)
./lowlevel_init.S: /* According to 661558um_S3C6400X_rev10.pdf 0x20 is reserved */
./lowlevel_init.S: * NAND Interface init for SMDK6400
./lowlevel_init.S: * MMU Table for SMDK6400
./config.mk:# SAMSUNG SMDK6400 board with mDirac3 (ARM1176) cpu
./config.mk:# On SMDK6400 we use the MB SDRAM bank at
./smdk6410.c:#include <asm/arch/s3c6400.h>
./smdk6410.c: printf("Board: SMDK6400\n");
./smdk6410.c:ulong virt_to_phy_smdk6400(ulong addr)
[root@tang* smdk6410]#
3.2)cpu目录
查找cpu/arm1176目录下含有“6400”的文件，将这些文件中的“6400”替换成“6410”。vim下的替换命令是“:%s/6400/6410/g”。
[root@tang* arm1176]# pwd
/home/thm/u-boot/u-boot-2010.03/cpu/arm1176
[root@tang* arm1176]#
[root@tang* arm1176]# find . -name "*" | xargs grep ""
./s3c64xx/Makefile:COBJS-$(CONFIG_S3C6400) += cpu_init.o speed.o
./s3c64xx/timer.c:#include <asm/arch/s3c6400.h>
./s3c64xx/speed.c:#include <asm/arch/s3c6400.h>
./s3c64xx/speed.c: * Bit exists on s3c6410, and not on s3c6400, it is reserved on
./s3c64xx/speed.c: * s3c6400 and is always , and it is indeed running in ASYNC mode
./s3c64xx/speed.c: printf("\nCPU: S3C6400@%luMHz\n", get_ARMCLK() / );
./s3c64xx/reset.S:#include <asm/arch/s3c6400.h>
./s3c64xx/cpu_init.S: * Originates from Samsung's u-boot 1.1.6 port to S3C6400 / SMDK6400
./s3c64xx/cpu_init.S:#include <asm/arch/s3c6400.h>
./.depend: /home/thm/u-boot/u-boot-2010.03/include/configs/smdk6400.h \
./.depend: /home/thm/u-boot/u-boot-2010.03/include/asm/arch/s3c6400.h \
./.depend: /home/thm/u-boot/u-boot-2010.03/include/configs/smdk6400.h \
./.depend: /home/thm/u-boot/u-boot-2010.03/include/asm/arch/s3c6400.h \
./start.S: * armboot - Startup Code for S3C6400/ARM1176 CPU-core
./start.S:#include <asm/arch/s3c6400.h>
./cpu.c:#include <asm/arch/s3c6400.h>
3.3)nand_spl目录
cd nand_spl/board/samsung/
mkdir smdk6410
cp smdk6400/* smdk6410/
cd smdk6410
查找nand_spl/board/samsung/smdk6410目录下含有“6400”的文件，将这些文件中的“6400”替换成“6410”。vim下的替换命令是“:%s/6400/6410/g”。
[root@tang* smdk6410]# pwd
/home/thm/u-boot/u-boot-2010.03/nand_spl/board/samsung/smdk6410
[root@tang* smdk6410]#
[root@tang* smdk6410]# find . -name "*"| xargs grep ""
./Makefile: @ln -s $(TOPDIR)/board/samsung/smdk6400/lowlevel_init.S $@
./lowlevel_init.S:#include <asm/arch/s3c6400.h>
./lowlevel_init.S: /* r1 = physical address of s3c6400_cpu_resume function */
./lowlevel_init.S: /* Jump to kernel (sleep-s3c6400.S) */
./lowlevel_init.S: * seem to make much sense on S3C6400.
./lowlevel_init.S:#ifndef CONFIG_S3C6400
./lowlevel_init.S:#elif !defined(CONFIG_S3C6400)
./lowlevel_init.S: /* According to 661558um_S3C6400X_rev10.pdf 0x20 is reserved */
./lowlevel_init.S: * NAND Interface init for SMDK6400
./lowlevel_init.S: * MMU Table for SMDK6400
./s3c64xx.c:#include <asm/arch/s3c6400.h>
./config.mk:# Samsung S3C64xx Reference Platform (smdk6400) board
[root@tang* smdk6410]#
3.4）添加头文件smdk6410.h
cd include/configs
cp smdk6400.h smdk6410.h
vim smdk6410.h
:%s///g
3.5）添加头文件s3c6410.h
cd include/asm-arm/arch-s3c64xx/
cp s3c6400.h s3c6410.h
vim s3c6410.h
:%s///g
并且修改
#include "s3c64x0.h"
为
#include "./asm/arch/s3c64x0.h"
3.6）修改根目录下mkconfig
if [ "$2" = "arm" ] ; then
rm -f asm-$/proc
ln -s ${LNPREFIX}proc-armv asm-$/proc
fi if [ "$1" = "smdk6410" ]; then
rm -f regs.h
ln -s asm-$/arch/s3c6410.h regs.h
fi
3.7）修改根目录下Makefile
搜索6400可以看到smdk6400的配置项，复制smdk6400的配置项并把6400改为6410。
#########################################################################
## ARM1176 Systems
#########################################################################
smdk6400_noUSB_config \
smdk6400_config : unconfig
@mkdir -p $(obj)include $(obj)board/samsung/smdk6400
@mkdir -p $(obj)nand_spl/board/samsung/smdk6400
@echo "#define CONFIG_NAND_U_BOOT" > $(obj)include/config.h
@if [ -z "$(findstring smdk6400_noUSB_config,$@)" ]; then \
echo "RAM_TEXT = 0x57e00000" >> $(obj)board/samsung/smdk6400/config.tmp;\
$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm1176 smdk6400 samsung s3c64xx; \
else \
echo "RAM_TEXT = 0xc7e00000" >> $(obj)board/samsung/smdk6400/config.tmp;\
$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_noUSB_config=) arm arm1176 smdk6400 samsung s3c64xx; \
fi
@echo "CONFIG_NAND_U_BOOT = y" >> $(obj)include/config.mk smdk6410_noUSB_config \
smdk6410_config : unconfig
@mkdir -p $(obj)include $(obj)board/samsung/smdk6410
@mkdir -p $(obj)nand_spl/board/samsung/smdk6410
@echo "#define CONFIG_NAND_U_BOOT" > $(obj)include/config.h
@if [ -z "$(findstring smdk6410_noUSB_config,$@)" ]; then \
echo "RAM_TEXT = 0x57e00000" >> $(obj)board/samsung/smdk6410/config.tmp;\
$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm1176 smdk6410 samsung s3c64xx; \
else \
echo "RAM_TEXT = 0xc7e00000" >> $(obj)board/samsung/smdk6410/config.tmp;\
$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_noUSB_config=) arm arm1176 smdk6410 samsung s3c64xx; \
fi
@echo "CONFIG_NAND_U_BOOT = y" >> $(obj)include/config.mk
3.8)配置编译
make smdk6410_config
make
可以编译成功。
4.文件修改
4.1)cpu/arm1176/start.S
4.1.1）将如下红色代码段注释掉，添加“mcr p15,0,r0,c1,c0,0”。
#ifndef CONFIG_NAND_SPL
/*
* flush v4 I/D caches
*/
mov r0, #
mcr p15, , r0, c7, c7, /* flush v3/v4 cache */
mcr p15, , r0, c8, c7, /* flush v4 TLB */ /*
* disable MMU stuff and caches
*/
mrc p15, , r0, c1, c0,
bic r0, r0, #0x00002300 @ clear bits , : (--V- --RS)
bic r0, r0, #0x00000087 @ clear bits , : (B--- -CAM)
orr r0, r0, #0x00000002 @ set bit (A) Align
orr r0, r0, #0x00001000 @ set bit (I) I-Cache /* Prepare to disable the MMU */
adr r1, mmu_disable_phys /* We presume we're within the first 1024 bytes */
and r1, r1, #0x3fc
ldr r2, _TEXT_PHY_BASE
ldr r3, =0xfff00000
and r2, r2, r3
orr r2, r2, r1
b mmu_disable .align 5 /* Run in a single cache-line */ mmu_disable:
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
nop
nop
mov pc, r2 #endif
修改后的代码如下：
#ifndef CONFIG_NAND_SPL
/*
* flush v4 I/D caches
*/
mov r0, #
mcr p15, , r0, c7, c7, /* flush v3/v4 cache */
mcr p15, , r0, c8, c7, /* flush v4 TLB */ /*
* disable MMU stuff and caches
*/
mrc p15, , r0, c1, c0,
bic r0, r0, #0x00002300 @ clear bits , : (--V- --RS)
bic r0, r0, #0x00000087 @ clear bits , : (B--- -CAM)
orr r0, r0, #0x00000002 @ set bit (A) Align
orr r0, r0, #0x00001000 @ set bit (I) I-Cache mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
#if 0
/* Prepare to disable the MMU */
adr r1, mmu_disable_phys /* We presume we're within the first 1024 bytes */
and r1, r1, #0x3fc
ldr r2, _TEXT_PHY_BASE
ldr r3, =0xfff00000
and r2, r2, r3
orr r2, r2, r1
b mmu_disable .align 5 /* Run in a single cache-line */ mmu_disable:
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
nop
nop
mov pc, r2
#endif #endif
4.1.2）查找“lowlevel_init”，在其下添加
/* when we already run in ram, we don't need to relocate U-Boot.
* and actually, memory controller must be configured before U-Boot
* is running in ram.
*/
ldr r0, =0xff000fff
bic r1, pc, r0 /* r0 <- current base addr of code */
ldr r2, _TEXT_PHY_BASE /* r1 <- original base addr in ram */
bic r2, r2, r0 /* r0 <- current base addr of code */
cmp r1, r2 /* compare r0, r1 */
beq after_copy #ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_NAND
mov r0, #0x1000
bl copy_from_nand
#endif
4.1.3）查找
#ifdef CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU
_mmu_table_base:
.word mmu_table
#endif
在其下添加
/*
* copy U-Boot to SDRAM and jump to ram (from NAND or OneNAND)
* r0: size to be compared
* Load 1'st 2blocks to RAM because U-boot's size is larger than 1block(128k) size
*/
.globl copy_from_nand
copy_from_nand:
mov r10, lr /* save return address */ mov r9, r0
/* get ready to call C functions */
ldr sp, _TEXT_PHY_BASE /* setup temp stack pointer */
sub sp, sp, #
mov fp, # /* no previous frame, so fp=0 */
mov r9, #0x1000
bl copy_uboot_to_ram : tst r0, #0x0
bne copy_failed ldr r0, =0x0c000000
ldr r1, _TEXT_PHY_BASE
: ldr r3, [r0], #
ldr r4, [r1], #
teq r3, r4
bne compare_failed /* not matched */
subs r9, r9, #
bne 1b : mov lr, r10 /* all is OK */
mov pc, lr copy_failed:
nop /* copy from nand failed */
b copy_failed compare_failed:
nop /* compare failed */
b compare_failed
4.2）在cpu/arm1176下添加nand_cp.c
/*
* $Id: nand_cp.c,v 1.4 2008/04/08 00:41:40 jsgood Exp $
*
* (C) Copyright 2006 Samsung Electronics
*
* See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
* project.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
* the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
* MA 02111-1307 USA
*/ /*
* You must make sure that all functions in this file are designed
* to load only U-Boot image.
*
* So, DO NOT USE in common read.
*
* By scsuh.
*/ #include <common.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/mtd/nand.h>
#include <regs.h> #define NF8_ReadPage(a,b,c) (((int(*)(uint, uint, uchar *))(*((uint *)(0x0c004000))))(a,b,c))
#define NF8_ReadPage_Adv(a,b,c) (((int(*)(uint, uint, uchar *))(*((uint *)(0x0c004004))))(a,b,c)) void nand_bl2_copy(void)
{
int block, page;
volatile uint *base = (uint *) 0x57e00000; for (block = ; block < ; block++) {
for (page = ; page < ; page++) {
NF8_ReadPage(block, page, (uchar *)base);
base += ( / (sizeof(uint)));
}
}
} void nand_bl2_copy_adv(void)
{
int block, page;
volatile uint *base = (uint *) 0x57e00000; for (block = ; block < ; block++) {
for (page = ; page < ; page++) {
NF8_ReadPage_Adv(block, page, (uchar *) base);
base += ( / (sizeof(uint)));
}
}
} /*
* address format
* 17 16 9 8 0
* --------------------------------------------
* | block(12bit) | page(5bit) | offset(9bit) |
* --------------------------------------------
*/ static int nandll_read_page (uchar *buf, ulong addr, int large_block)
{
int i;
int page_size = ; if (large_block)
page_size = ; NAND_ENABLE_CE(); NFCMD_REG = NAND_CMD_READ0; /* Write Address */
NFADDR_REG = ; if (large_block)
NFADDR_REG = ; NFADDR_REG = (addr) & 0xff;
NFADDR_REG = (addr >> ) & 0xff;
NFADDR_REG = (addr >> ) & 0xff; if (large_block)
NFCMD_REG = NAND_CMD_READSTART; NF_TRANSRnB(); /* for compatibility(2460). u32 cannot be used. by scsuh */
for(i=; i < page_size; i++) {
*buf++ = NFDATA8_REG;
} NAND_DISABLE_CE();
return ;
} /*
* Read data from NAND.
*/
static int nandll_read_blocks (ulong dst_addr, ulong size, int large_block)
{
uchar *buf = (uchar *)dst_addr;
int i;
uint page_shift = ; if (large_block)
page_shift = ; /* Read pages */
for (i = ; i < (0x3c000>>page_shift); i++, buf+=(<<page_shift)) {
nandll_read_page(buf, i, large_block);
} return ;
} int copy_uboot_to_ram (void)
{
int large_block = ;
int i;
vu_char id; NAND_ENABLE_CE();
NFCMD_REG = NAND_CMD_READID;
NFADDR_REG = 0x00; /* wait for a while */
for (i=; i<; i++);
id = NFDATA8_REG;
id = NFDATA8_REG; if (id > 0x80)
large_block = ; /* read NAND Block.
* 128KB ->240KB because of U-Boot size increase. by scsuh
* So, read 0x3c000 bytes not 0x20000(128KB).
*/
return nandll_read_blocks(CFG_PHY_UBOOT_BASE, 0x3c000, large_block);
}
4.3）修改cpu/arm1176/Makefile
COBJS = cpu.o nand_cp.o
4.4）修改cpu/arm1176/u-boot.lds
.text :
{
cpu/arm1176/start.o (.text)
cpu/arm1176/s3c64xx/cpu_init.o (.text)
board/samsung/smdk6410/lowlevel_init.o (.text)
cpu/arm1176/nand_cp.o (.text)
lib_arm/board.o (.text)
*(.text)
}
4.5）修改board/samsung/smdk6410/u-boot-nand.lds
.text :
{
cpu/arm1176/start.o (.text)
cpu/arm1176/s3c64xx/cpu_init.o (.text)
board/samsung/smdk6410/lowlevel_init.o (.text)
cpu/arm1176/nand_cp.o (.text)
lib_arm/board.o (.text)
*(.text)
}
4.6）修改nand_spl/board/samsung/smdk6410/Makefile
COBJS = nand_boot.o nand_ecc.o s3c64xx.o nand_cp.o
补全规则
# from SoC directory
$(obj)cpu_init.S:
@rm -f $@
@ln -s $(TOPDIR)/cpu/arm1176/s3c64xx/cpu_init.S $@ $(obj)nand_cp.c:
@rm -f $@
@ln -s $(TOPDIR)/cpu/arm1176/nand_cp.c $@
4.7）修改根目录下u-boot.lds
.text :
{
cpu/arm1176/start.o (.text)
cpu/arm1176/s3c64xx/cpu_init.o (.text)
board/samsung/smdk6410/lowlevel_init.o (.text)
cpu/arm1176/nand_cp.o (.text)
lib_arm/board.o (.text)
*(.text)
}
4.8）修改include/configs/smdk6410.h
#if !defined(CONFIG_NAND_SPL) && (TEXT_BASE >= 0xc0000000)
#define CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU
#ifdef CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU
#define virt_to_phys(x) virt_to_phy_smdk6410(x)
#else
#define virt_to_phys(x) (x)
#endif
#endif
#define MACH_TYPE 2520
//#define PHYS_SDRAM_1_SIZE 0x08000000 /* 128 MB in Bank #1 */
#define PHYS_SDRAM_1_SIZE 0x10000000 /* 256 MB in Bank #1 */
//#define CONFIG_SYS_HZ 1000
#define CONFIG_SYS_HZ 2062500 //PCLK 66HZ
文件末尾添加
#define NAND_DISABLE_CE() (NFCONT_REG |= (1 << 1))
#define NAND_ENABLE_CE() (NFCONT_REG &= ~(1 << 1))
#define NF_TRANSRnB() do { while(!(NFSTAT_REG & (1 << 0))); } while(0) #define CFG_PHY_UBOOT_BASE CONFIG_SYS_PHY_UBOOT_BASE
4.9）再次编译，生成u-boot.bin，将u-boot.bin烧写到nand flash，开发板从nand flash启动。
打印信息如下：
U-Boot 2010.03 (Sep - ::) for SMDK6410 CPU: S3C6410@533MHz
Fclk = 533MHz, Hclk = 133MHz, Pclk = 66MHz (ASYNC Mode)
Board: SMDK6410
DRAM: kB
Flash: kB
NAND: raise: Signal # caught
raise: Signal # caught
raise: Signal # caught
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xd5 (Samsung NAND 2GiB ,3V -bit)
NAND bus width instead bit
No NAND device found!!!
MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: No ethernet found.
Hit any key to stop autoboot: no devices available
Wrong Image Format for bootm command
ERROR: can't get kernel image!
SMDK6410 #
5. 问题解决
开发板从nand flash启动时，有异常信息打印。
5.1）问题1：
DRAM: kB
解决方法：
将include/asm_arm/global_data.h中
#define DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR register volatile gd_t *gd asm ("r8")
修改为
#define DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR extern volatile gd_t *gd;
将lib_arm/board.c中
DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
修改为
volatile gd_t *gd;
5.2）问题2：
NAND: raise: Signal # caught
raise: Signal # caught
raise: Signal # caught
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xd5 (Samsung NAND 2GiB ,3V -bit)
NAND bus width instead bit
No NAND device found!!!
MiB
解决方法：
将drivers/mtd/nand/s3c64xx.c函数board_nand_init中
nand->options = ;
改为
nand->options = 0x20000;
将drivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c函数nand_get_flash_type中
busw = (extid & 0x01) ? NAND_BUSWIDTH_16 : ;
改为
busw = ;
修改cpu/arm1176/s3c64xx/timer.c中函数get_timer_masked（解决“raise: Signal # 8 caught” ）
ulong get_timer_masked(void) {
unsigned long long res = get_ticks();
//do_div (res, (timer_load_val / (100 * CONFIG_SYS_HZ)));
return res;
}
5.3）问题三：
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
暂时无解，此警告不影响u-boot功能。
重新编译，烧写，启动
U-Boot 2010.03 (Sep - ::) for SMDK6410 CPU: S3C6410@533MHz
Fclk = 533MHz, Hclk = 133MHz, Pclk = 66MHz (ASYNC Mode)
Board: SMDK6410
DRAM: MB
Flash: kB
NAND: MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: CS8900-
Hit any key to stop autoboot:
SMDK6410 #
6.修改网卡配置
smdk6400.h中网卡配置为CS8900，而开发板上的网卡为DM9000，网卡相关配置修改如下：
6.1）修改include/configs/smdk6410.h
/*
* Hardware drivers
*/
#define CONFIG_NET_MULTI
//#define CONFIG_CS8900 /* we have a CS8900 on-board */
//#define CONFIG_CS8900_BASE 0x18800300
//#define CONFIG_CS8900_BUS16 /* follow the Linux driver */ #define CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000 1 /* we have a DM9000 on-board */
#define CONFIG_DM9000_USE_16BIT 1
#define CONFIG_DM9000_BASE 0x18000300
#define DM9000_IO CONFIG_DM9000_BASE
#define DM9000_DATA (CONFIG_DM9000_BASE+4) #define CONFIG_ETHADDR 08:90:90:90:90:90
#define CONFIG_NETMASK 255.255.255.0
#define CONFIG_IPADDR 192.168.1.230
#define CONFIG_SERVERIP 192.168.1.88
#define CONFIG_GATEWAYIP 192.168.1.1
6.2）修改net/eth.c
#if defined(CONFIG_DB64360) || defined(CONFIG_CPCI750)
mv6436x_eth_initialize(bis);
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_DB64460) || defined(CONFIG_P3Mx)
mv6446x_eth_initialize(bis);
#endif #if defined(CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000)
dm9000_initialize(bis);
#endif