Javascript高级程序设计--读书笔记之面向对象(二)

时间:2023-03-08 20:54:47

前面讲了面向对象的封装,这章我们就来说一说继承

1.原型链

实现原型链有一种基本模式,其代码大概如下

<script>
function SuperType(){
this.property = true
}
SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function(){
return this.property;
}
function SubType(){
this.subproperty = false
}
//继承了 SuperType
SubType.prototype = new SuperType()
SuperType.prototype.getSubValue = function(){
return this.subproperty
}
var instance = new SubType()
alert(instance.getSuperValue()) /true
</script>

以上代码定义了两个类型,SuperType 和SubType 每个类型分别有一个属性和方法,SubType继承了SuperType,实现的本质是重写原型对象

原型链虽然很强大,可以用它来实现继承,但是也存在一些问题,引用类型的值会被的原型属性会被所有实例共享,通过下面代码说明问题

    //原型链的问题
function SuperType(){
this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"]
}
function SubType(){}
//继承了SuperType
SubType.prototype = new SuperType()
var instance1 = new SubType()
instance1.colors.push("black")
alert(instance1.colors) //"red", "blue", "green","black"
var instance2 = new SubType()
alert(instance2.colors) //"red", "blue", "green","black"

  2.组合继承

function SuperType(name){
this.name = name;
this.colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green'];
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function(){
alert(this.name);
}
function SubType( name, age){
//继承属性
SuperType.call(this, name)
this.age= age
}
//继承方法
SubType.prototype = new SuperType()
SubType.prototype.constructor = SubType
SubType.prototype.sayAge = function(){
alert(this.age)
}