首先我们要准备如下环境及软件：
win7（64位） cygwin 1.7.- jdk-6u25-windows-x64.zip hadoop-0.20..tar.gz
1.在win7系统上正常安装jdk，同时注意设置好java环境的变量：
主要的变量包括：JAVA_HOME，PATH，CLASSPATH
（不会设置的请自备*）
2.接下来是安装Hadoop，我目前安装的版本为0.20.2版本，为了方便，
我暂时是直接放到了cygwin64的/home目录下(正常情况下，请放在/usr目录下)，
并使用tar命令进行解压操作。
lenovo@lenovo-PC /home
$ tar -zxvf hadoop-0.20..tar.gz
3.光安装完Hadoop是不够的，还需要一些简单的配置工作，主要的配置文件有4个，
它们位于Hadoop的安装目录的conf子目录下，分别是：
hadoop-env.sh
core-site.xml
hdfs-site.xml
mapred-site.xml
下面将是如何修改的详细部分：
(1) 修改hadoop-env.sh文件：
这步比较简单，只需要将JAVA_HOME 修改成JDK 的安装目录即可：
红色标出的是修改后的样子。
# Set Hadoop-specific environment variables here. # The only required environment variable is JAVA_HOME. All others are
# optional. When running a distributed configuration it is best to
# set JAVA_HOME in this file, so that it is correctly defined on
# remote nodes. # The java implementation to use. Required.
export JAVA_HOME=/cygdrive/d/android/java/jdk1.7.0_15 # Extra Java CLASSPATH elements. Optional.
# export HADOOP_CLASSPATH= # The maximum amount of heap to use, in MB. Default is .
# export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE= # Extra Java runtime options. Empty by default.
# export HADOOP_OPTS=-server # Command specific options appended to HADOOP_OPTS when specified
export HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS="-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote $HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS"
export HADOOP_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS="-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote $HADOOP_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS"
export HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS="-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote $HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS"
export HADOOP_BALANCER_OPTS="-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote $HADOOP_BALANCER_OPTS"
export HADOOP_JOBTRACKER_OPTS="-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote $HADOOP_JOBTRACKER_OPTS"
# export HADOOP_TASKTRACKER_OPTS=
# The following applies to multiple commands (fs, dfs, fsck, distcp etc)
# export HADOOP_CLIENT_OPTS # Extra ssh options. Empty by default.
# export HADOOP_SSH_OPTS="-o ConnectTimeout=1 -o SendEnv=HADOOP_CONF_DIR" # Where log files are stored. $HADOOP_HOME/logs by default.
# export HADOOP_LOG_DIR=${HADOOP_HOME}/logs # File naming remote slave hosts. $HADOOP_HOME/conf/slaves by default.
# export HADOOP_SLAVES=${HADOOP_HOME}/conf/slaves # host:path where hadoop code should be rsync'd from. Unset by default.
# export HADOOP_MASTER=master:/home/$USER/src/hadoop # Seconds to sleep between slave commands. Unset by default. This
# can be useful in large clusters, where, e.g., slave rsyncs can
# otherwise arrive faster than the master can service them.
# export HADOOP_SLAVE_SLEEP=0.1 # The directory where pid files are stored. /tmp by default.
# export HADOOP_PID_DIR=/var/hadoop/pids # A string representing this instance of hadoop. $USER by default.
# export HADOOP_IDENT_STRING=$USER # The scheduling priority for daemon processes. See 'man nice'.
# export HADOOP_NICENESS=
（注意：这里的路径不能是windows 风格的目录d:\java\jdk1.7.0_15，而是LINUX 风格/cygdrive/d/java/jdk1.7.0_15）
(2) 修改core-site.xml：
红色标出的是增加的代码。
(3)修改hdfs-site.xml（指定副本为1）
红色标出的是增加的代码。
(4) 修改mapred-site.xml （指定jobtracker）
红色标出的是增加的代码。
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?> <!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. --> <configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>localhost:9001</value>
</property>
</configuration>
4.验证安装是否成功，并运行Hadoop
(1) 验证安装
(2) 格式化并启动Hadoop
$ bin/hadoop namenode –format
// :: INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = lenovo-PC/192.168.41.1
STARTUP_MSG: args = [▒Cformat]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 0.20.2
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-0.20 -r 911707; compiled by 'chrisdo' on Fri Feb 19 08:07:34 UTC 2010
************************************************************/
Usage: java NameNode [-format] | [-upgrade] | [-rollback] | [-finalize] | [-importCheckpoint]
// :: INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at lenovo-PC/192.168.41.1
************************************************************/
$ bin/start-all.sh
starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop-0.20./bin/../logs/hadoop-lenovo-namenode-lenovo-PC.out
localhost: /home/hadoop-0.20./bin/slaves.sh: line : ssh: command not found
localhost: /home/hadoop-0.20./bin/slaves.sh: line : ssh: command not found
starting jobtracker, logging to /home/hadoop-0.20./bin/../logs/hadoop-lenovo-jobtracker-lenovo-PC.out
localhost: /home/hadoop-0.20./bin/slaves.sh: line : ssh: command not found
(3) 查看Hadoop
命令行查看：
（注意：win7下cygwin中DateNode和TaskTracker进程是无法显示的，应该是cygwin的问题）
现在可以网页查看效果了：
(4) 关闭Hadoop
bin/stop-all.sh
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