[Laravel] 01 - Love beautiful code? We do too.

前言

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一、良心资料

• 英文

Laravel 框架：https://laravel.com/

教程：https://laracasts.com/series/ laravel-from-scratch-2017

安装配置：Install Laravel 5.4 on Ubuntu 16.04 (with PHP 7.0)

• 中文

轻松学会Laravel-基础篇

轻松学会Laravel-中级篇

轻松学会Laravel-高级篇

二、简介

• 优势

验证、路由、session、缓存、数据库迁移、单元测试等常见功能。

且 MVC模式。

• 版本

https://laravel.com/docs/5.6

• 性价比

Ref：php7 vs java8 vs nodejs5 vs lua5.2 计算性能比较

三、安装与配置

• 版本要求

• 安装 phpStorm

Ref: phpstorm的安装和破解

Ref: PhpStorm破解版及使用教程【有快捷键】

• 安装 php 7

Ref: Upgrade to PHP 7.x on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

   php --version
   sudo apt-get update
   sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
   sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install php7. # For PHP 7.0
   sudo apt-get install php7. # For PHP 7.1
   php --version

• 安装 Composer

Goto: https://getcomposer.org/download/

执行 Download Composer 的内容。

# 查看composer安装结果
lolo@lolo-UX303UB$ php composer.phar

• 配置 Laravel

当然，具体要求要看：https://laravel.com/docs/5.6

[1] 可能遇到的zip的安装问题：http://opencode.co.kr/php_tips/255， 解决方案：

# For php v7.
sudo apt-get install php7.-zip

# For php v7.
sudo apt-get install php7.-zip

[2] 配置没问题就可以成功安装laravel。

unsw@unsw-UX303UB$ php composer.phar global require "laravel/installer"

[3] 安装结果，多了vendor文件夹。

[4] 安装结果，有了laravel文件夹

四、第一个 Laravel 项目

8:34 / 20:25

sudo chmod -R  /var/www/html/
php composer.phar create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel /var/www/html/my_larvavel

注意，composer.phar 所在路径下运行上述命令才可以。

unsw@unsw-UX303UB$ php composer.phar create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel /var/www/html/my_larvavel
Installing laravel/laravel (v5.6.21)
  - Installing laravel/laravel (v5.6.21): Loading from cache
Created project in /var/www/html/my_larvavel
> @php -r "file_exists('.env') || copy('.env.example', '.env');"
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
Package operations:  installs,  updates,  removals
  - Installing vlucas/phpdotenv (v2.4.0): Downloading (%)
  - Installing symfony/css-selector (v4.1.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing tijsverkoyen/css-to-inline-styles (2.2.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-php72 (v1.8.0): Downloading (%)
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-mbstring (v1.8.0): Loading from cache
  - Installing symfony/var-dumper (v4.1.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing symfony/routing (v4.1.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing symfony/process (v4.1.1): Loading from cache
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-ctype (v1.8.0): Loading from cache
  - Installing symfony/http-foundation (v4.1.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing symfony/event-dispatcher (v4.1.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing psr/log (1.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing symfony/debug (v4.1.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing symfony/http-kernel (v4.1.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing paragonie/random_compat (v2.0.15): Downloading (%)
  - Installing symfony/finder (v4.1.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing symfony/console (v4.1.1): Loading from cache
  - Installing doctrine/lexer (v1.0.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing egulias/email-validator (2.1.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing swiftmailer/swiftmailer (v6.0.2): Downloading (%)
  - Installing ramsey/uuid (3.7.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing psr/simple-cache (1.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing psr/container (1.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing symfony/translation (v4.1.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing nesbot/carbon (1.25.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing monolog/monolog (1.23.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing league/flysystem (1.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing erusev/parsedown (1.7.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing dragonmantank/cron-expression (v2.2.0): Downloading (%)
  - Installing doctrine/inflector (v1.3.0): Downloading (%)
  - Installing laravel/framework (v5.6.26): Downloading (%)
  - Installing fideloper/proxy (4.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing nikic/php-parser (v4.0.2): Downloading (%)
  - Installing jakub-onderka/php-console-color (0.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing jakub-onderka/php-console-highlighter (v0.3.2): Downloading (%)
  - Installing dnoegel/php-xdg-base-dir (0.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing psy/psysh (v0.9.6): Downloading (%)
  - Installing laravel/tinker (v1.0.7): Downloading (%)
  - Installing fzaninotto/faker (v1.7.1): Downloading (%)
  - Installing hamcrest/hamcrest-php (v2.0.0): Downloading (%)
  - Installing mockery/mockery (1.1.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing filp/whoops (2.2.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing nunomaduro/collision (v2.0.3): Downloading (%)
  - Installing sebastian/version (2.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing sebastian/resource-operations (1.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing sebastian/object-reflector (1.1.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing sebastian/recursion-context (3.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing sebastian/object-enumerator (3.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing sebastian/global-state (2.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing sebastian/exporter (3.1.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing sebastian/environment (3.1.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing sebastian/diff (3.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing sebastian/comparator (3.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phpunit/php-timer (2.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phpunit/php-text-template (1.2.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phpunit/php-file-iterator (2.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing theseer/tokenizer (1.1.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing sebastian/code-unit-reverse-lookup (1.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phpunit/php-token-stream (3.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phpunit/php-code-coverage (6.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing doctrine/instantiator (1.1.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing webmozart/assert (1.3.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phpdocumentor/reflection-common (1.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phpdocumentor/type-resolver (0.4.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phpdocumentor/reflection-docblock (4.3.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phpspec/prophecy (1.7.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phar-io/version (1.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phar-io/manifest (1.0.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing myclabs/deep-copy (1.8.): Downloading (%)
  - Installing phpunit/phpunit (7.2.): Downloading (%)
symfony/var-dumper suggests installing ext-intl (To show region name in time zone dump)
symfony/routing suggests installing doctrine/annotations (For using the annotation loader)
symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/config (For using the all-in-one router or any loader)
symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/dependency-injection (For loading routes from a service)
symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/expression-language (For using expression matching)
symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/yaml (For using the YAML loader)
symfony/event-dispatcher suggests installing symfony/dependency-injection ()
symfony/http-kernel suggests installing symfony/browser-kit ()
symfony/http-kernel suggests installing symfony/config ()
symfony/http-kernel suggests installing symfony/dependency-injection ()
paragonie/random_compat suggests installing ext-libsodium (Provides a modern crypto API that can be used to generate random bytes.)
symfony/console suggests installing symfony/lock ()
egulias/email-validator suggests installing ext-intl (PHP Internationalization Libraries are required to use the SpoofChecking validation)
ramsey/uuid suggests installing ircmaxell/random-lib (Provides RandomLib for use with the RandomLibAdapter)
ramsey/uuid suggests installing ext-libsodium (Provides the PECL libsodium extension for use with the SodiumRandomGenerator)
ramsey/uuid suggests installing ext-uuid (Provides the PECL UUID extension for use with the PeclUuidTimeGenerator and PeclUuidRandomGenerator)
ramsey/uuid suggests installing moontoast/math (Provides support for converting UUID to -bit integer (in string form).)
ramsey/uuid suggests installing ramsey/uuid-doctrine (Allows the use of Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid as Doctrine field type.)
ramsey/uuid suggests installing ramsey/uuid-console (A console application for generating UUIDs with ramsey/uuid)
symfony/translation suggests installing symfony/config ()
symfony/translation suggests installing symfony/yaml ()
monolog/monolog suggests installing aws/aws-sdk-php (Allow sending log messages to AWS services like DynamoDB)
monolog/monolog suggests installing doctrine/couchdb (Allow sending log messages to a CouchDB server)
monolog/monolog suggests installing ext-amqp (Allow sending log messages to an AMQP server (1.0+ required))
monolog/monolog suggests installing ext-mongo (Allow sending log messages to a MongoDB server)
monolog/monolog suggests installing graylog2/gelf-php (Allow sending log messages to a GrayLog2 server)
monolog/monolog suggests installing mongodb/mongodb (Allow sending log messages to a MongoDB server via PHP Driver)
monolog/monolog suggests installing php-amqplib/php-amqplib (Allow sending log messages to an AMQP server using php-amqplib)
monolog/monolog suggests installing php-console/php-console (Allow sending log messages to Google Chrome)
monolog/monolog suggests installing rollbar/rollbar (Allow sending log messages to Rollbar)
monolog/monolog suggests installing ruflin/elastica (Allow sending log messages to an Elastic Search server)
monolog/monolog suggests installing sentry/sentry (Allow sending log messages to a Sentry server)
league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-aws-s3-v2 (Allows you to use S3 storage with AWS SDK v2)
league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-aws-s3-v3 (Allows you to use S3 storage with AWS SDK v3)
league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-azure (Allows you to use Windows Azure Blob storage)
league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-cached-adapter (Flysystem adapter decorator for metadata caching)
league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-eventable-filesystem (Allows you to use EventableFilesystem)
league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-rackspace (Allows you to use Rackspace Cloud Files)
league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-sftp (Allows you to use SFTP server storage via phpseclib)
league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-webdav (Allows you to use WebDAV storage)
league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-ziparchive (Allows you to use ZipArchive adapter)
league/flysystem suggests installing spatie/flysystem-dropbox (Allows you to use Dropbox storage)
league/flysystem suggests installing srmklive/flysystem-dropbox-v2 (Allows you to use Dropbox storage for PHP  applications)
laravel/framework suggests installing aws/aws-sdk-php (Required to use the SQS queue driver and SES mail driver (~3.0).)
laravel/framework suggests installing doctrine/dbal (Required to rename columns and drop SQLite columns (~2.6).)
laravel/framework suggests installing guzzlehttp/guzzle (Required to use the Mailgun and Mandrill mail drivers and the ping methods on schedules (~6.0).)
laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-aws-s3-v3 (Required to use the Flysystem S3 driver (~1.0).)
laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-cached-adapter (Required to use the Flysystem cache (~1.0).)
laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-rackspace (Required to use the Flysystem Rackspace driver (~1.0).)
laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-sftp (Required to use the Flysystem SFTP driver (~1.0).)
laravel/framework suggests installing nexmo/client (Required to use the Nexmo transport (~1.0).)
laravel/framework suggests installing pda/pheanstalk (Required to use the beanstalk queue driver (~3.0).)
laravel/framework suggests installing predis/predis (Required to use the redis cache and queue drivers (~1.0).)
laravel/framework suggests installing pusher/pusher-php-server (Required to use the Pusher broadcast driver (~3.0).)
laravel/framework suggests installing symfony/dom-crawler (Required to use most of the crawler integration testing tools (~4.0).)
laravel/framework suggests installing symfony/psr-http-message-bridge (Required to psr7 bridging features (~1.0).)
psy/psysh suggests installing ext-pdo-sqlite (The doc command requires SQLite to work.)
psy/psysh suggests installing hoa/console (A pure PHP readline implementation. You'll want this if your PHP install doesn't already support readline or libedit.)
filp/whoops suggests installing whoops/soap (Formats errors as SOAP responses)
sebastian/global-state suggests installing ext-uopz (*)
phpunit/php-code-coverage suggests installing ext-xdebug (^2.6.)
phpunit/phpunit suggests installing phpunit/php-invoker (^2.0)
phpunit/phpunit suggests installing ext-soap (*)
phpunit/phpunit suggests installing ext-xdebug (*)
Writing lock file
Generating optimized autoload files
> Illuminate\Foundation\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump
> @php artisan package:discover
Discovered Package: fideloper/proxy
Discovered Package: laravel/tinker
Discovered Package: nunomaduro/collision
Package manifest generated successfully.
> @php artisan key:generate
Application key [base64:qddbSfYhoK3ZKyRQSo4effaeR9ABBIwmA7GoyF3gQjg=] set successfully.

安装日志

Problem 1: requires ext-mbstring

sudo apt-get install php7.-mbstring

Problem 2: requires ext-dom

sudo apt-get install php7.-xml

• 运行 Laravel 项目

lolo@lolo-UX303UB$ ls
app      bootstrap      composer.lock  database      phpunit.xml  readme.md  routes      storage  vendor
artisan  composer.json  config         package.json  public       resources  server.php  tests    webpack.mix.js

lolo@lolo-UX303UB$ php artisan serve
Laravel development server started: <http://127.0.0.1:8000>
[Sun Jul   :: ] 127.0.0.1: []: /favicon.ico

五、框架基本思路

框架执行过程，以及显示Hello world的过程。

app       -- Https 业务逻辑

          -- Http/routes.php【返回 (1) view　--> resources/views/welcome.blade.php】

bootstrap -- 框架启动，自动加载

          -- autoload.php【加载 (1) /../vendor/autoload.php】

          -- app.php【实例化 (2) app and then return $app】

config    -- 配置文件，such as cache.

database -- 数据库相关资源

public    -- 静态资源, such as pic.

          -- index.php【加载 (1) /../bootstrap/autoload.php then (2) app.php】

resources -- 视图以及原始的资源文件，views就是mvc中的v

          -- views/welcome.blade.php【显示的首页 (2) html内容】

storage   -- 编译后的模板文件等。

tests     -- 单元测试。

vendor    -- 依赖模块 

项目配置

---

一、常见包管理器

Java:        Maven
NodeJS:      NPM
Objective-C: CocoaPods
PHP:         PEAR

However，

Composer 是依赖管理工具，不是包管理器。

Install，

Goto: [Laravel] 01 - Love beautiful code? We do too.

二、使用 composer

• 创建composer.json

$ composer init

开始生成并配置：composer.json

• 查看要安装的包

有么？$ composer search monolog

版本？$ composer show monolog/monolog

列出所有相关信息，包括版本：$ composer show -- all monolog/monolog

• 包设置并安装

$ composer install

vendor 所有composer安装的目录，monolog就在里面。

• 自动安装依赖

composer require：自动安装相关的依赖，如下所示。

三、使用 Laravel

• 安装Laravel

因为laravel本质就是个“包”。

$ composer search laravel

• 生成Laravel项目

有三种方式：

$ php composer.phar create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel laravel01

$ laravel new laravel02

$ laravel new test --dev

四、Artisan 控制台

• 一个命令行工具

[1] 生成一个新项目

$ laravel new laravel53

localhost:8888/laravel53/public/

[2] 打开项目by PhpStorm

[3] 命令行进入项目主路径

[4] 查看有哪些命令：

$ php artisan

$ php artisan list

$ php artisan help migrate

•  命令行的使用

例如：创建控制器的效果，生成了StduentController.php