Spring学习(10)--- @Qualifier注解

时间:2023-03-09 17:32:18
Spring学习(10)--- @Qualifier注解
  • 按类型自动装配可能多个bean实例的情况,可以使用Spring的@Qualifier注解缩小范围(或指定唯一),也可以指定单独的构造器参数或方法参数
  • 可用于注解集合类型变量

例子:

package com.mypackage;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; public class MovieRecommender { @Autowired
@Qualifier("main")
private MovieCatalog movieCatalog; }
package com.mypackage;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

public class MovieRecommender {

	private MovieCatalog movieCatalog;

	public void prepare(@Qualifier("main")MovieCatalog movieCatalog){
this.movieCatalog=movieCatalog;
} }

PS:应用于构造器的方法比较常用

  • XML文件中使用qualifier:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.multibean">
</context:component-scan> <bean class="com.mypackage.MovieCatalog">
<qualifier value="main"></qualifier>
</bean> <bean class="com.mypackage.MovieCatalog">
<qualifier value="action"></qualifier>
</bean>
</beans>
  • 如果通过名字进行注解注入,主要使用的不是@Autowired(即使在技术上能够通过@Qualifier指定bean的名称),替代方式是使用JSR-250@Resource注解,它通过其独特的名称来定义来识别特定的目标(这是一个与所声明的类型是无关的匹配过程)
  • 因语义差异,集合或Map类型的bean无法通过@Autowired来注入,因为没有类型匹配到这样的bean,为这些bean使用@Resource注解,通过唯一名称引用集合或Map的bean
  • @Autowired适用于fields,constructors,multi-argument method这些允许在参数级别使用@Qualifier注解缩小范围的情况
  • @Resource适用于成员变量,只有一个参数的setter方法,所以在目标是构造器或者一个多参数方法时,最好的方式是使用@Qualifier

例子:

先定义一个BeanInterface接口

package com.multibean;

public interface BeanInterface {

}

在定义两个实现类

package com.multibean;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class BeanInterfaceImpl implements BeanInterface { }

  

package com.multibean;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class BeanInterface2Impl implements BeanInterface { }

定义BeanInvoker实现@Qualifier指定bean

package com.multibean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component
public class BeanInvoker { @Autowired
@Qualifier("beanInterfaceImpl")
private BeanInterface beanInterface; public void say(){ if(null != beanInterface){
System.out.println(beanInterface.getClass().getName());
}else{
System.out.println("BeanInterface is null.");
} } }

单元测试:

package com.multibean;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class UnitTest { @Test
public void test(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring-beansnnotation.xml");
BeanInvoker beanInvoker = (BeanInvoker)context.getBean("beanInvoker");
beanInvoker.say();
}
}

结果:

七月 06, 2015 11:41:38 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@1e397bcb: startup date [Mon Jul 06 23:41:38 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
七月 06, 2015 11:41:38 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [spring-beansnnotation.xml]
com.multibean.BeanInterfaceImpl

修改BeanInvoker

package com.multibean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component
public class BeanInvoker { @Autowired
@Qualifier("beanInterface2Impl")
private BeanInterface beanInterface; public void say(){ if(null != beanInterface){
System.out.println(beanInterface.getClass().getName());
}else{
System.out.println("BeanInterface is null.");
} } }

结果:

七月 06, 2015 11:43:38 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@1e397bcb: startup date [Mon Jul 06 23:43:38 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
七月 06, 2015 11:43:38 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [spring-beansnnotation.xml]
com.multibean.BeanInterface2Impl