Java7中文件IO发生了很大的变化，专门引入了很多新的类：
import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.attribute.FileAttribute;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermissions;
......等等，来取代原来的基于java.io.File的文件IO操作方式.
1. Path就是取代File的
A Path represents a path that is hierarchical and composed of a sequence of directory and file name elements separated by a special separator or delimiter.
Path用于来表示文件路径和文件。可以有多种方法来构造一个Path对象来表示一个文件路径，或者一个文件：
1）首先是final类Paths的两个static方法，如何从一个路径字符串来构造Path对象：
Path path = Paths.get("C:/", "Xmp");
Path path2 = Paths.get("C:/Xmp");
URI u = URI.create("file:///C:/Xmp/dd");
Path p = Paths.get(u);
2）FileSystems构造：
Path path3 = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("C:/", "access.log");
3）File和Path之间的转换，File和URI之间的转换：
File file = new File("C:/my.ini");
Path p1 = file.toPath();
p1.toFile();
file.toURI();
4）创建一个文件：
Path target2 = Paths.get("C:\\mystuff.txt");
// Set<PosixFilePermission> perms = PosixFilePermissions.fromString("rw-rw-rw-");
// FileAttribute<Set<PosixFilePermission>> attrs = PosixFilePermissions.asFileAttribute(perms);
try {
if(!Files.exists(target2))
Files.createFile(target2);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
windows下不支持PosixFilePermission来指定rwx权限。
5）Files.newBufferedReader读取文件：
try {
// Charset.forName("GBK")
BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get("C:\\my.ini"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
String str = null;
while((str = reader.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println(str);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
可以看到使用 Files.newBufferedReader 远比原来的FileInputStream，然后BufferedReader包装，等操作简单的多了。
这里如果指定的字符编码不对，可能会抛出异常 MalformedInputException ，或者读取到了乱码：
java.nio.charset.MalformedInputException: Input length = 1
at java.nio.charset.CoderResult.throwException(CoderResult.java:281)
at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:339)
at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
at com.coin.Test.main(Test.java:79)
6）文件写操作：
try {
BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(Paths.get("C:\\my2.ini"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
writer.write("测试文件写操作");
writer.flush();
writer.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
7）遍历一个文件夹：
Path dir = Paths.get("D:\\webworkspace");
try(DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir)){
for(Path e : stream){
System.out.println(e.getFileName());
}
}catch(IOException e){
}
上面是遍历单个目录，它不会遍历整个目录。遍历整个目录需要使用：Files.walkFileTree
8）遍历整个文件目录：
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
Path startingDir = Paths.get("C:\\apache-tomcat-8.0.21");
List<Path> result = new LinkedList<Path>();
Files.walkFileTree(startingDir, new FindJavaVisitor(result));
System.out.println("result.size()=" + result.size());
}
private static class FindJavaVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path>{
private List<Path> result;
public FindJavaVisitor(List<Path> result){
this.result = result;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs){
if(file.toString().endsWith(".java")){
result.add(file.getFileName());
}
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
}
2. 强大的java.nio.file.Files
1）创建目录和文件：
try {
Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST"));
if(!Files.exists(Paths.get("C://TEST")))
Files.createFile(Paths.get("C://TEST/test.txt"));
// Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST/test2.txt"));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
注意创建目录和文件Files.createDirectories 和 Files.createFile不能混用，必须先有目录，才能在目录中创建文件。
2）文件复制:
从文件复制到文件：Files.copy(Path source, Path target, CopyOption options);
从输入流复制到文件：Files.copy(InputStream in, Path target, CopyOption options);
从文件复制到输出流：Files.copy(Path source, OutputStream out);
try {
Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST"));
if(!Files.exists(Paths.get("C://TEST")))
Files.createFile(Paths.get("C://TEST/test.txt"));
// Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST/test2.txt"));
Files.copy(Paths.get("C://my.ini"), System.out);
Files.copy(Paths.get("C://my.ini"), Paths.get("C://my2.ini"), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
Files.copy(System.in, Paths.get("C://my3.ini"), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
3）遍历一个目录和文件夹上面已经介绍了：Files.newDirectoryStream ， Files.walkFileTree
4）读取文件属性：
Path zip = Paths.get(uri);
System.out.println(Files.getLastModifiedTime(zip));
System.out.println(Files.size(zip));
System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(zip));
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(zip));
System.out.println(Files.readAttributes(zip, "*"));
5）读取和设置文件权限：
Path profile = Paths.get("/home/digdeep/.profile");
PosixFileAttributes attrs = Files.readAttributes(profile, PosixFileAttributes.class);// 读取文件的权限
Set<PosixFilePermission> posixPermissions = attrs.permissions();
posixPermissions.clear();
String owner = attrs.owner().getName();
String perms = PosixFilePermissions.toString(posixPermissions);
System.out.format("%s %s%n", owner, perms);
posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.OWNER_READ);
posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.GROUP_READ);
posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.OTHERS_READ);
posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.OWNER_WRITE);
Files.setPosixFilePermissions(profile, posixPermissions); // 设置文件的权限