SHUTDOWN: Active processes prevent shutdown operation

在使用shutdown immediate关闭数据库时hang住，查看alert 日志，遭遇了SHUTDOWN: Active processes prevent shutdown operation。也即是说有一些活动进程阻止了当前的shutdown操作。咦，数据库是测试数据库啥也没有干，也没有配置db console，还有活动进程阻止呢？

1、情景再现

SQL> select * from v$version where rownum<2;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

SQL> @comm_sess_users;     ---->查看当前连接的session

nstance     SID Serial ID    Status    Oracle User     O/S User         O/S PID Session Program              Terminal             Machine

--------- ------ --------- --------- -------------- ------------ --------------- -------------------------- ---------- -------------------

sybo3        125         5    ACTIVE            SYS       oracle    4069         sqlplus@linux3.orasrv.com       pts/1   linux3.orasrv.com

SQL> host;                 ---->使用host切换到os提示符下

[oracle@linux3 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba      ----->再次登陆到sqlplus 

SQL> @comm_sess_users;                      ----->下面的查询可以看到Terminal显示为同一个终端, 都为sys用户, sid 139 为ACTIVE

Instance     SID Serial ID    Status    Oracle User     O/S User         O/S PID Session Program              Terminal             Machine

--------- ------ --------- --------- -------------- ------------ --------------- -------------------------- ---------- -------------------

sybo3        125         5  INACTIVE            SYS       oracle    4069         sqlplus@linux3.orasrv.com       pts/1   linux3.orasrv.com

             139        10    ACTIVE            SYS       oracle    4152         sqlplus@linux3.orasrv.com       pts/1   linux3.orasrv.com

SQL> @my_env;             ---->查看自身的sid   

SPID                        SID    SERIAL# USERNAME        PROGRAM

------------------------ ------ ---------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------

4152                        139         10 oracle          oracle@linux3.orasrv.com (TNS V1-V3)

SQL> shutdown immediate;  ---->关闭数据库时，hang住，不得不使用ctrl -c 终止

ORA-01013: user requested cancel of current operation

SQL> shutdown abort;      ---->强制关闭数据库

ORACLE instance shut down.

--Author : Robinson

--Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612

-->下面是后台日志的信息

Thu Jul 25 10:56:43 2013

Shutting down instance (immediate)

Shutting down instance: further logons disabled   --->不允许新session登陆

Stopping background process QMNC

Thu Jul 25 10:56:43 2013

Stopping background process CJQ0

Stopping background process MMNL

Stopping background process MMON

License high water mark = 3

Thu Jul 25 11:01:53 2013

SHUTDOWN: Active processes prevent shutdown operation   --->出现无法shutdown的提示

Thu Jul 25 11:07:01 2013

SHUTDOWN: Active processes prevent shutdown operation

Thu Jul 25 11:07:44 2013

Starting background process SMCO

Thu Jul 25 11:07:44 2013

Instance shutdown cancelled                             --->shutdown 被cancel

Thu Jul 25 11:07:44 2013

SMCO started with pid=15, OS id=4178

Thu Jul 25 11:08:06 2013

Shutting down instance (abort)                          --->使用abort方式shutdown database

License high water mark = 3

USER (ospid: 4152): terminating the instance

Termination issued to instance processes. Waiting for the processes to exit

Instance termination failed to kill one or more processes

Instance terminated by USER, pid = 4152

Thu Jul 25 11:08:16 2013

Instance shutdown complete

2、分析与解决
      从上面的情形来看，是由于之前的session没有断开，而后又使用了host切换到OS提示符下，导致数据库无法正常关闭。
      通过进一步的测试，如果是多个非sys用户登录则不存在此现象。
      Oracle对此给出的说明是这不是一个Oracle bug，而是使用了一个非正常的数据库关闭顺序。
      建议先断开所有连接再关闭数据库，如先关闭db control，具体见下面的Oracle 文档及示例。

3、Doc ID 416658.1

Shutdown Immediate Hangs / Active Processes Prevent Shutdown (Doc ID 416658.1)

Applies to:
Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 10.1.0.2 to 11.2.0.2 - Release: 10.1 to 11.2
Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 10.1.0.2 to 11.2.0.2 [Release: 10.1 to 11.2]
Information in this document applies to any platform.

Symptoms
The 'shutdown immediate' command hangs or is very slow

The alert log lists messages like:

SHUTDOWN: waiting for active calls to complete.ACTIVE PROCESSES PREVENT SHUTDOWN OPERATION

Cause
This is not a bug.

If the DB Control repository is running on the database target against which shutdown immediate was attempted then an incorrect
order of events seems used.

You should stop DB Control first to get rid of all connections between DB Control and the repository database and then shutdown
the database with 'shutdown immediate'.

Current database sessions may show:

SQL> select SID, USERNAME, PROGRAM from v$session;
SID   USERNAME               PROGRAM
----- ---------------------- ----------------------------------
243 SYSTEM                 SQL Developer
246 SYSMAN                 OMS
247                        oracle@lgiora09 (q001)
248                        oracle@lgiora09 (q000)
251 DBSNMP                 emagent@lgiora09 (TNS V1-V3)
252 SYSMAN                 OMS
253 SYSMAN                 OMS
254 DBSNMP                 emagent@lgiora09 (TNS V1-V3)
255 SYSTEM                 java.exe
256 SYSMAN                 OMS

Clearly OMS and OEM are connected (Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control or DBConsole) via users SYSMAN and DBSNMP.
These sessions should be de-activated (that is to log off any OEM, OMS, SYSMAN and DBSNMP) before the shutdown immediate is attempted.

Oracle Enterprise Manager, Grid Control, Dbconsole and agents keep doing internal processing.
This may include a few PLSQL notification procedures running on the database by database control like
BEGIN EMD_NOTIFICATION.QUEUE_READY(:1, :2, :3); END;

As per internal documentation of the shutdown immediate, if there are active calls then it would wait for all the active calls to finish.

Solution
To implement the solution:

1. Given OEM connections are active (SYSMAN and DBSNMP), de-activate these sessions, i.e. by stopping the agent/DBConsole

2. Then shutdown immediate as normal

- OR -

There may be processes still running and holding locks at the time a shutdown is issued.
Sometimes these are failed jobs or transactions, which are effectively 'zombies', which are not able to receive a signal from Oracle.

If this occurs, the only way to shutdown the database is by doing:

sql>
shutdown abort
startup restrict
shutdown normal

The startup does any necessary recovery and cleanup, so that a valid cold backup can be taken afterward.

If this issue occurs frequently, it would be a good practice to see if there are any active user processes running in v$session or
v$process before shutting down the instance.

If the problem persists, and no apparent user processes are active, you can set this event prior to issuing the shutdown command
in order to see what is happening. This will dump a systemstate every 5 minutes while shutdown is hanging

SQL>
connect / as sysdba
alter session set events '10400 trace name context forever, level 1';

SHUTDOWN: Active processes prevent shutdown operation