五、Vue：使用axios库进行get和post、用拦截器对请求和响应进行预处理、Mock（数据模拟）

一、axios

【应用】进行请求和传表单

【axios中文档】：https://www.kancloud.cn/yunye/axios/234845

【vue-axios】：https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/cookbook/using-axios-to-consume-apis.html

【参考】：https://blog.****.net/u010132177/article/details/103116767

1.1 安装axios

进入项目目录，运行cmd，运行如下代码：

npm install --save axios

运行项目：

npm run dev

1.2 挂载axios到$axios写法（get）

第一步 src/main.js

【1】引入axios为 Axios

【2】挂载Axios到 $axios (使用其内部函数时：this.$Axios即可)

// The Vue build version to load with the `import` command

// (runtime-only or standalone) has been set in webpack.base.conf with an alias.

import Vue from 'vue'

import App from './App'

import Axios from "axios" //【1】引入axios

Vue.prototype.$axios = Axios //【2】挂载Axios到 $axios (使用其内部函数时：this.$Axios即可)

Vue.config.productionTip = false

/* eslint-disable no-new */

new Vue({

  el: '#app', //[1]:在index.html里id为#app标签里写入组件内容

  components: { App },//[2]:写入的组件

  template: '<App/>' //[3]:写入的模板名(也可看成一个完整组件)

})

第二步 parent.vue

<template>

  <div class="parent">

    <!-- 【2】把获取到的数据循环展现出来 -->

    <ul>

      <li v-for="v in list">{{v.title}}</li>

    </ul>

    <hr/>【显示获取到的请求】<hr/>

    {{list}}

  </div>

</template>

<script>

  //import axios from 'axios' //首先导入安装好的axios

  export default{

    name:'parent',

    components:{},

    data(){

      return{

        list:[] //定义一个空数组用于存放接收到的数据

      }

    },

    //【1】生命周期函数，组件安装好后调用此函数

    mounted (){

      let api="http://www.phonegap100.com/appapi.php?a=getPortalList&catid=20";

      this.$axios  //对应main.js里挂载写法

      .get(api)

      .then(res=> {

        console.log(res);

        this.list=res.data.result;

      })

      .catch(error=>{

        console.log(error);

      })

    },

    filters:{},

    directives:{},

  }

</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

效果：

【国内首家】微信小程序视频教程免费下载

ionic域资源共享 CORS 详解

移动端触摸滑动js插件_html5手机端轮播插件

未来程序员会被机器人取代吗？

锤子安全锤_锤子真的出了个“锤子”：车充＋安全锤

html5能做什么_html5能做哪些开发？

平安口袋银行App采用-Cordova混合开发

JavaScript Emoji 表情库_js 类似于qq微信的表情库

cordova热更新插件-不发布应用市场动态更新APP源码

央行新规！支付宝、微信用户别忘做这件事

HTML5 移动app开发框架该如何选择

纯CSS3动画按钮效果,可用于移动wap app开发

京东每天亏上亿_不会抄袭、剽窃?必将死在互联网下一站的起点上! ...

ionic react-native和native开发移动app那个好

这12行代码分分钟让你电脑崩溃手机重启

罗振宇罗永浩雷军们的演讲你喜欢哪一个

ionic-native-transitions让你的Ionic应用比原生还快

ionic 1.2.4 发布，最好的html5移动app开发框架

phonegap发布应用到appstore

HTML5仿苹果应用的动画

【显示获取到的请求】

[ { "aid": "499", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "【国内首家】微信小程序视频教程免费下载", "pic": "portal/201610/13/211832yvlbybpl3rologrr.jpg", "dateline": "1476364740" }, { "aid": "498", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "ionic域资源共享 CORS 详解", "pic": "", "dateline": "1472952906" }, { "aid": "497", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "移动端触摸滑动js插件_html5手机端轮播插件", "pic": "portal/201606/28/211604ullzo5arr4iurnum.jpg", "dateline": "1467119820" }, { "aid": "496", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "未来程序员会被机器人取代吗？", "pic": "portal/201606/02/221818eafffffm4srfdf4s.jpg", "dateline": "1464874140" }, { "aid": "495", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "锤子安全锤_锤子真的出了个“锤子”：车充＋安全锤", "pic": "portal/201605/20/213752f6i56f1e0hbfzhkb.jpg", "dateline": "1463751505" }, { "aid": "494", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "html5能做什么_html5能做哪些开发？", "pic": "", "dateline": "1463664540" }, { "aid": "493", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "平安口袋银行App采用-Cordova混合开发", "pic": "", "dateline": "1463294580" }, { "aid": "492", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "JavaScript Emoji 表情库_js 类似于qq微信的表情库", "pic": "portal/201604/25/084907r2e3im3dvd1q3f7z.jpg", "dateline": "1461545392" }, { "aid": "491", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "cordova热更新插件-不发布应用市场动态更新APP源码", "pic": "portal/201604/12/152638zaxz5xz3t58bfts2.png", "dateline": "1460446140" }, { "aid": "490", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "央行新规！支付宝、微信用户别忘做这件事", "pic": "portal/201603/29/144942tcnnenueefagukfk.jpg", "dateline": "1459234206" }, { "aid": "471", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "HTML5 移动app开发框架该如何选择", "pic": "portal/201511/15/163112q4kz6k2rgcgpi1tc.jpg", "dateline": "1457771160" }, { "aid": "488", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "纯CSS3动画按钮效果,可用于移动wap app开发", "pic": "portal/201603/09/202742r1kngyt17na7n1nk.jpg", "dateline": "1457526780" }, { "aid": "487", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "京东每天亏上亿_不会抄袭、剽窃?必将死在互联网下一站的起点上! ...", "pic": "portal/201603/02/155825h28zxs2vsxjccv4c.jpg", "dateline": "1456905746" }, { "aid": "486", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "ionic react-native和native开发移动app那个好", "pic": "portal/201602/25/193433dtzfvlzl1oavhljy.jpg", "dateline": "1456398960" }, { "aid": "484", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "这12行代码分分钟让你电脑崩溃手机重启", "pic": "", "dateline": "1453426595" }, { "aid": "483", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "罗振宇罗永浩雷军们的演讲你喜欢哪一个", "pic": "", "dateline": "1452226800" }, { "aid": "482", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "ionic-native-transitions让你的Ionic应用比原生还快", "pic": "portal/201601/07/135529z4r7gwglv4rw8l74.jpeg", "dateline": "1452145500" }, { "aid": "481", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "ionic 1.2.4 发布，最好的html5移动app开发框架", "pic": "portal/201601/05/132107h9bllr7li74zoh49.jpg", "dateline": "1451971293" }, { "aid": "480", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "phonegap发布应用到appstore", "pic": "portal/201601/05/122115yhh22i77sqn2ijc6.jpg", "dateline": "1451967910" }, { "aid": "479", "catid": "20", "username": "admin", "title": "HTML5仿苹果应用的动画", "pic": "portal/201601/04/220252ycyddectvivr55pq.png", "dateline": "1451916189" } ]

1.3直接导入到组件axios写法（get）

把main.js里的注释掉

//import Axios from "axios"

//Vue.prototype.$axios = Axios

parent.vue

【0】首先导入安装好的axios

【1】重点：生命周期函数，组件安装好后调用此函数（真正用axios获取数据部分）

【2】把获取到的数据循环展现出来

<template>

  <div class="parent">

    <!-- 【2】把获取到的数据循环展现出来 -->

    <ul>

      <li v-for="v in list">{{v.title}}</li>

    </ul>

    <hr/>【显示获取到的请求】<hr/>

    {{list}}

  </div>

</template>

<script>

  import axios from 'axios' //【0】首先导入安装好的axios

  export default{

    name:'parent',

    components:{},

    data(){

      return{

        list:[] //【0.1】定义一个空数据用来存放接收到的数据

      }

    },

    //【1】生命周期函数，组件安装好后调用此函数

    mounted (){

      let api="http://www.phonegap100.com/appapi.php?a=getPortalList&catid=20";

      axios

      .get(api)

      .then(res=> {  // 简略写法原：res参数省略了括号.then((res)=>{....})

        console.log(res);

        this.list=res.data.result;

      })

      .catch(error=>{

        console.log(error);

      })

    },

    filters:{},

    directives:{},

  }

</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

效果同1.2

1.3.1 把请求参数单独提出来写法(get)

效果同上例

parent.vue 中的请求部分，其它略过

api接口：http://www.phonegap100.com/appapi.php?a=getPortalList&catid=20

//【1】生命周期函数，组件安装好后调用此函数

    mounted (){

      let api="http://www.phonegap100.com/appapi.php";

      let params={a:"getPortalList",catid:20} //【1】把参数提到此处

      this.$axios

      .get(api,{params:params}) //【2】get加上参数

      .then(res=> {

        console.log(res);

        this.list=res.data.result;

      })

      .catch(error=>{

        console.log(error);

      })

    }

效果同1.2例

1.3 axios的post

1.3.1post简单写法

//form-data:?name=iwen&age=20

			//x-www-form-urlencoded:{name:"iwen",age:20}

			//注意：axios接受的post请求参数的格式是form-data格式

			import axios from "axios"

			import qs from "qs" //node.js的一个库用于把post之类的参数转换成需要的格式

			axios.post("http://www.wwtliu.com/sxtstu/blueberrypai/login.php",	qs.stringify({

				user_id:"iwen@qq.com",

					password:"iwen123",

					verification_code:"crfvw"

				}))

				.then(res => {

					console.log(res.data)

				})

				.catch(error => {

					console.log(error);

				})

1.3.2使用全局变量axios的post写法

	axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';

	axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;

	axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';

main.js

// The Vue build version to load with the `import` command

// (runtime-only or standalone) has been set in webpack.base.conf with an alias.

import Vue from 'vue'

import App from './App'

import Axios from "axios"

import qs from "qs"

Vue.prototype.$axios = Axios

Vue.prototype.HOST = '/api'

 Axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://www.wwtliu.com'; //定义全局变量

 Axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';

Vue.config.productionTip = false

/* eslint-disable no-new */

new Vue({

	el: '#app',

	template: '<App/>',

	components: {

		App

	}

})

post.js

<template>

	<div>

		post

	</div>

</template>

<script>

import qs from "qs"  //node.js的一个库，用于对post之类的参数进行转换成需要的类型

export default{

	name:"posts",

	data(){

		return{

		}

	},

	created(){

		var url = this.HOST + "/login";

		console.log(url);

		this.$axios.post(url,	{

			username:"iwen",

			password:"helloiwen"

		})

		.then(res => {

			console.log(res.data)

		})

		.catch(error => {

			console.log(error);

		})

	}

}	

</script>

<style>

</style>

效果：将成功登录对应网站

1.4 拦截器

【作用】：在请求或响应被 then 或 catch 处理前拦截它们。

mian.js

通过拦截器对发送之前数据处理，把格式不对的转化成正确的，在组件中就不用再处理了。

// The Vue build version to load with the `import` command

// (runtime-only or standalone) has been set in webpack.base.conf with an alias.

import Vue from 'vue'

import App from './App'

import Axios from "axios"

import qs from "qs"

Vue.prototype.$axios = Axios

Vue.prototype.HOST = '/api'

// Axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://www.wwtliu.com';

// Axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';

Vue.config.productionTip = false

// 添加请求拦截器

Axios.interceptors.request.use(function(config) {

	if (config.method == "post") {//如果请求为post，则把其参数格式进行qs.stringify处理

		config.data = qs.stringify(config.data)

	}

	return config;

}, function(error) {

	// 对请求错误做些什么

	return Promise.reject(error);

});

// 添加响应拦截器

Axios.interceptors.response.use(function(response) {

	return response;

}, function(error) {

	// 对响应错误做点什么

	return Promise.reject(error);

});

/* eslint-disable no-new */

new Vue({

	el: '#app',

	template: '<App/>',

	components: {

		App

	}

})

post.vue

在全局中用拦截器处理数据，在组件中直接用即可，就不用进行处理参数，引用qs.stringfiy（注释部分）处理了

<template>

	<div>

		post

	</div>

</template>

<script>

export default{

	name:"posts",

	data(){

		return{

		}

	},

	created(){

		// var url = this.HOST + "/login";

		// console.log(url);

		// this.$axios.post(url,	{

		// 	username:"iwen",

		// 	password:"helloiwen"

		// })

		// .then(res => {

		// 	console.log(res.data)

		// })

		// .catch(error => {

		// 	console.log(error);

		// })

		var url = this.HOST + "/movie/top250";

		this.$axios.get(url,{

			params:{

				count:10,

				start:0

			}

		})

		.then(res => {

			console.log(res.data)

		})

		.catch(error => {

			console.log(error);

		})

	}

}	

</script>

<style></style>

1.5 跨域解决方案

修改config index.js文件、host文件

【修改完成后，重新运行项目才会生效：（关闭cmd，重新，npm run dev）】

proxyTable: {

	            "/api": {

	                target: "http://localhost:3000",

	                changeOrigin: true,

	                pathRewrite: {

	                    '^/api': ''

	                }

	            }

	        }

添加host

	    	Vue.prototype.HOST = '/api'

	【注意】：此种跨域解决方案，只能适用于测试阶段，打包的时候，不会具备服务器不能跨域了，后端解决。

1.6 Mock：数据模拟

1.自己创建JSON文件。使用get请求形式访问数据

	优点：方便，快捷

	缺点：只能存在get请求

2.项目中集成服务器，模拟各种接口

	优点：模拟真实线上环境

	缺点：增加开发成本

3.直接使用线上数据

	优点：真实

	缺点：不一定每个项目都存在

4.数据模拟库

	www.mockjs.com

	https://github.com/nuysoft/Mock/wiki/Getting-Started

五、Vue：使用axios库进行get和post、用拦截器对请求和响应进行预处理、Mock（数据模拟）