第三百二十九节,web爬虫讲解2—urllib库爬虫—ip代理—用户代理和ip代理结合应用

时间:2023-11-25 08:56:59

第三百二十九节,web爬虫讲解2—urllib库爬虫—ip代理

使用IP代理

ProxyHandler()格式化IP,第一个参数,请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置
build_opener()初始化IP
install_opener()将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import urllib
import urllib.request
import random #引入随机模块文件 ip = "180.115.8.212:39109"
proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https":ip}) #格式化IP,注意:第一个参数可能是http或者https,对应设置
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandler) #初始化IP
urllib.request.install_opener(opener) #将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP #请求
url = "https://www.baidu.com/"
data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")
print(data)

ip代理池构建一

适合IP存活时间长,稳定性好的代理ip,随机调用列表里的ip

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import urllib
from urllib import request
import random #引入随机模块文件
def dai_li_ip():
ip = [
'110.73.8.103:8123',
'115.46.151.100:8123',
'42.233.187.147:19'
]
shui = random.choice(ip)
print(shui)
proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https": shui}) # 格式化IP,注意,第一个参数,请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler) # 初始化IP
urllib.request.install_opener(opener) # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP #请求
dai_li_ip() #执行代理IP函数
url = "https://www.baidu.com/"
data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")
print(data)

ip代理池构建二,接口方式

每次调用第三方接口动态获取ip,适用于IP存活时间短的情况

我们用http://http.zhimaruanjian.com/第三方接口测试

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import urllib
from urllib import request
import json
def dai_li_ip():
url = "http://http-webapi.zhimaruanjian.com/getip?num=1&type=2&pro=&city=0&yys=0&port=11&time=1&ts=0&ys=0&cs=0&lb=1&sb=0&pb=4&mr=1"
data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")
data2 = json.loads(data) # 将字符串还原它本来的数据类型 print(data2['data'][0])
ip = str(data2['data'][0]['ip'])
dkou = str(data2['data'][0]['port'])
zh_ip = ip + ':' + dkou
print(zh_ip) proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https": zh_ip}) # 格式化IP,注意,第一个参数,请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler) # 初始化IP
urllib.request.install_opener(opener) # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP #请求
dai_li_ip() #执行代理IP函数
url = "https://www.baidu.com/"
data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")
print(data)

用户代理和ip代理结合应用

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import urllib
from urllib import request
import json
import random
def yh_dl(): #创建用户代理池
yhdl = [
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
'Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',
'Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',
'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',
'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1',
'Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13',
'Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+',
'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)',
'UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
'NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
'Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999'
]
thisua = random.choice(yhdl) #随机获取代理信息
headers = ("User-Agent",thisua) #拼接报头信息
opener = urllib.request.build_opener() #创建请求对象
opener.addheaders=[headers] #添加报头到请求对象
urllib.request.install_opener(opener) #将报头信息设置为全局,urlopen()方法请求时也会自动添加报头 def dai_li_ip(): #创建ip代理池
url = "http://http-webapi.zhimaruanjian.com/getip?num=1&type=2&pro=&city=0&yys=0&port=11&time=1&ts=0&ys=0&cs=0&lb=1&sb=0&pb=4&mr=1"
data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")
data2 = json.loads(data) # 将字符串还原它本来的数据类型 print(data2['data'][0])
ip = str(data2['data'][0]['ip'])
dkou = str(data2['data'][0]['port'])
zh_ip = ip + ':' + dkou
print(zh_ip) proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https": zh_ip}) # 格式化IP,注意,第一个参数,请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler) # 初始化IP
urllib.request.install_opener(opener) # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP #请求
dai_li_ip() #执行代理IP函数
yh_dl() #执行用户代理池函数 gjci = '连衣裙'
zh_gjci = gjc = urllib.request.quote(gjci) #将关键词转码成浏览器认识的字符,默认网站不能是中文
url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q=%s&s=0" %(zh_gjci)
# print(url)
data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")
print(data)

用户代理和ip代理结合应用封装模块

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import urllib
from urllib import request
import json
import random
import re
import urllib.error
def hq_html(hq_url):
"""
hq_html()封装的爬虫函数,自动启用了用户代理和ip代理
接收一个参数url,要爬取页面的url,返回html源码
"""
def yh_dl(): #创建用户代理池
yhdl = [
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
'Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',
'Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',
'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',
'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1',
'Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13',
'Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+',
'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)',
'UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
'NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
'Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999'
]
thisua = random.choice(yhdl) #随机获取代理信息
headers = ("User-Agent",thisua) #拼接报头信息
opener = urllib.request.build_opener() #创建请求对象
opener.addheaders=[headers] #添加报头到请求对象
urllib.request.install_opener(opener) #将报头信息设置为全局,urlopen()方法请求时也会自动添加报头 def dai_li_ip(hq_url): #创建ip代理池
url = "http://http-webapi.zhimaruanjian.com/getip?num=1&type=2&pro=&city=0&yys=0&port=11&time=1&ts=0&ys=0&cs=0&lb=1&sb=0&pb=4&mr=1"
if url:
data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")
data2 = json.loads(data) # 将字符串还原它本来的数据类型
# print(data2['data'][0])
ip = str(data2['data'][0]['ip'])
dkou = str(data2['data'][0]['port'])
zh_ip = ip + ':' + dkou
pat = "(\w*):\w*"
rst = re.compile(pat).findall(hq_url) #正则匹配获取是http协议还是https协议
rst2 = rst[0]
proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({rst2: zh_ip}) # 格式化IP,注意,第一个参数,请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler) # 初始化IP
urllib.request.install_opener(opener) # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP
else:
pass #请求
try:
dai_li_ip(hq_url) #执行代理IP函数
yh_dl() #执行用户代理池函数 data = urllib.request.urlopen(hq_url).read().decode("utf-8")
return data
except urllib.error.URLError as e: # 如果出现错误
if hasattr(e, "code"): # 如果有错误代码
# print(e.code) # 打印错误代码
pass
if hasattr(e, "reason"): # 如果有错误信息
# print(e.reason) # 打印错误信息
pass # a = hq_html('http://www.baid.com/')
# print(a)

模块使用

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import urllib.request
import fzhpach
gjc = '广告录音'
gjc = urllib.request.quote(gjc) #将关键词转码成浏览器认识的字符,默认网站不能是中文
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%s&pn=0' %(gjc)
a = fzhpach.hq_html(url)
print(a)