一.Hamcrest是什么？
Hamcrest is a library of matchers, which can be combined in to create flexible expressions of intent in tests.
Hamcrest 是一个为了测试为目的，且能组合成灵活表达式的匹配器类库。
二.Hamcrest jar包
- hamcrest-core.jar -- This is the core API to be used by third-party framework providers. This includes the a foundation set of matcher implementations for common operations. This API is stable and will rarely change. You will
need this library as a minimum. - hamcrest-library.jar -- The ever-growing library of Matcher implementations. This will grow between releases.
- hamcrest-generator.jar -- A tool to allow many Matcher implementations to be combined into a single class so users don't have to remember many classes/packages to import. Generates code.
- hamcrest-integration.jar -- Provides integration between Hamcrest and other testing tools, including JUnit (3 and 4), TestNG, jMock and EasyMock.
Alternatively, if you don't care:
- hamcrest-all.jar -- Includes all of the above.
三.常用方法介绍
Eclipse新建一个JUnit test case； 测试类导入
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
测试方法如下：
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@Test
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public void testHamcrestMatchers() {
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// 核心匹配
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// allOf: 所有条件都必须满足，相当于&&
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assertThat("myname", allOf(startsWith("my"), containsString("name")));
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// anyOf: 其中一个满足就通过， 相当于||
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assertThat("myname", anyOf(startsWith("na"), containsString("name")));
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// both: &&
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assertThat("myname", both(containsString("my")).and(containsString("me")));
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// either: 两者之一
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assertThat("myname", either(containsString("my")).or(containsString("you")));
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// everyItem: 每个元素都需满足特定条件
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assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine"), everyItem(startsWith("m")));
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// hasItem: 是否有这个元素
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assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine"), hasItem("my"));
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// hasItems: 包含多个元素
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assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine", "your"), hasItems("your", "my"));
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// is: is(equalTo(x))或is(instanceOf(clazz.class))的简写
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assertThat("myname", is("myname"));
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assertThat("mynmae", is(String.class));
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// anything(): 任何情况下，都匹配正确
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assertThat("myname", anything());
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// not: 否为真，相当于！
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assertThat("myname", is(not("you")));
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// nullValue(): 值为空
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String str = null;
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assertThat(str, is(nullValue()));
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// notNullValue(): 值不为空
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String str2 = "123";
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assertThat(str2, is(notNullValue()));
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// 字符串匹配
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// containsString：包含字符串
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assertThat("myname", containsString("na"));
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// stringContainsInOrder: 顺序包含，“my”必须在“me”前面
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assertThat("myname", stringContainsInOrder(Arrays.asList("my", "me")));
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// endsWith: 后缀
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assertThat("myname", endsWith("me"));
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// startsWith: 前缀
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assertThat("myname", startsWith("my"));
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// isEmptyString(): 空字符串
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assertThat("", isEmptyString());
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// equalTo: 值相等， Object.equals(Object)
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assertThat("myname", equalTo("myname"));
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assertThat(new String[] {"a", "b"}, equalTo(new String[] {"a", "b"}));
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// equalToIgnoringCase: 比较时，忽略大小写
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assertThat("myname", equalToIgnoringCase("MYNAME"));
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// equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace: 比较时， 首尾空格忽略， 比较时中间用单个空格
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assertThat(" my \t name ", equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(" my name "));
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// isOneOf: 是否为其中之一
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assertThat("myname", isOneOf("myname", "yourname"));
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// isIn: 是否为其成员
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assertThat("myname", isIn(new String[]{"myname", "yourname"}));
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// toString() 返回值校验
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assertThat(333, hasToString(equalTo("333")));
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// 数值匹配
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// closeTo: [operand-error, operand+error], Double或BigDecimal类型
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assertThat(3.14, closeTo(3, 0.5));
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assertThat(new BigDecimal("3.14"), is(closeTo(new BigDecimal("3"), new BigDecimal("0.5"))));
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// comparesEqualTo: compareTo比较值
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assertThat(2, comparesEqualTo(2));
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// greaterThan： 大于
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assertThat(2, greaterThan(0));
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// greaterThanOrEqualTo: 大于等于
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assertThat(2, greaterThanOrEqualTo(2));
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// lessThan: 小于
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assertThat(0, lessThan(2));
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// lessThanOrEqualTo: 小于等于
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assertThat(0, lessThanOrEqualTo(0));
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// 集合匹配
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// array: 数组长度相等且对应元素也相等
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assertThat(new Integer[]{1, 2, 3}, is(array(equalTo(1), equalTo(2), equalTo(3))));
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// hasItemInArray: 数组是否包含特定元素
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assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, hasItemInArray(startsWith("y")));
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// arrayContainingInAnyOrder， 顺序无关，长度要一致
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assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, arrayContainingInAnyOrder("you", "my"));
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// arrayContaining: 顺序，长度一致
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assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, arrayContaining("my", "you"));
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// arrayWithSize: 数组长度
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assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, arrayWithSize(2));
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// emptyArray: 空数组
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assertThat(new String[0], emptyArray());
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// hasSize: 集合大小
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assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "you"), hasSize(equalTo(2)));
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// empty: 空集合
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assertThat(new ArrayList<String>(), is(empty()));
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// isIn: 是否为集合成员
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assertThat("myname", isIn(Arrays.asList("myname", "yourname")));
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// Map匹配
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Map<String, String> myMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
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myMap.put("name", "john");
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// hasEntry: key && value匹配
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assertThat(myMap, hasEntry("name", "john"));
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// hasKey: key匹配
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assertThat(myMap, hasKey(equalTo("name")));
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// hasValue: value匹配
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assertThat(myMap, hasValue(equalTo("john")));
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}
原文地址：https://blog.****.net/neven7/article/details/42489723