返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性

时间:2022-10-22 08:31:47

原文:返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性

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返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性

作者:webabcd

介绍
asp.net mvc 之 asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性:如通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证及客户端验证,MVC 与 Dynamic Data 的结合,对异步 Controller 的支持,对 Area 的支持,新增的一些帮助方法等

示例
1、新特性总结
Index.aspx

返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性代码


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--><%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">
    Home Page
</asp:Content>

<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">
    <h2><%: ViewData["Message"] %></h2>
    <p>
        <a href="Category" target="_blank">Demo</a>
    </p>
    <p>
        1、<a href="Category/Create" target="_blank">通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证;对客户端验证的支持</a>
    </p>
    <p>
        2、<a href="AsynchronousController" target="_blank">对异步 Controller 的支持</a>
    </p>
    <p>
        3、MVC 与 Dynamic Data 的结合
        <br />
        <a href="Category/Edit/21" target="_blank">实现 Model 级别的 Dynamic Data</a>
        <br />
        <a href="Category/Edit2/21" target="_blank">实现 Property 级别的 Dynamic Data</a>
        <br />
        新增了对模板的支持(模板源自 Dynamic Data)
    </p>
    <p>
        4、新增的参数级的声明 DefaultValueAttribute - 用于为参数指定默认值public ActionResult View(int id, [DefaultValue(1)]int page) { }
    </p>
    <p>
        5、关于路由的新特性,参看:http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2010/05/20/1739750.html
    </p>
    <p>
        6、Html.Hidden() 增强 - 其可以用于保存二进制(Binary 类型或 byte[] 类型)数据
        <br />
        比如:
        <br />
        &lt;%= Html.Hidden("Photo", Model.Photo) %&gt;
        <br />
        生成的 html 为:
        <br />
        &lt;input type="hidden" name="Photo" value="QVNQLk5FVCBNVkMgaXMgZnVuIQ................................." /&gt;
    </p>
    <p>
        7、在 VS 2010 中增加了 asp.net mvc 相关的代码片段
        <br />
        组合键 ctrl+k ctrl+b 调出代码片段管理器后查看
    </p>
    <p>
        8、新增了一个名为 RequireHttpsAttribute 的 Action Filter - 其作用就是用于只允许 HTTPS 请求。默认情况下,如果是 HTTP 请求,则会自动跳转到 HTTPS 请求
    </p>
    <p>
        9、只有 HTTP POST 请求才能返回 JsonResult 
    </p>
    <p>
        10、新增了 HttpPostAttribute HttpPutAttribute HttpGetAttribute HttpDeleteAttribute ,以前是类似这样写的 AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)
    </p>
    <p>
        11、UrlParameter.Optional - 如果从url路由中无法获取某个参数的值,则从url参数中获取该参数的值。示例如下
        <br />
        routes.MapRoute(
            "Default",
            "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
            new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
        );
        <br />
        <a href="Category/?pageIndex=0" target="_blank">使用 UrlParameter.Optional 的一个演示</a>
    </p>
    <p>
        12、对 Area 的支持 - 允许在一个应用程序内存在多套 MVC,在项目中单击右键 -> Add -> Area...(详见示例程序中的 Areas 目录)
    </p>
    <p>
        13、新增的一些帮助方法
        <br />
        Html.EditorFor(), Html.DisplayFor(), Html.DisplayTextFor(), Html.ValidationMessageFor(), Html.TextBoxFor(), Html.TextAreaFor(), Html.DropDownListFor(), Html.CheckboxFor(), Html.RadioButtonFor(), Html.ListBoxFor(), Html.PasswordFor(), Html.HiddenFor(), Html.LabelFor()
        <br />
        它们主要用于实现 Scaffold,以及为 Property 或 Model 指定显示模板或编辑模板
    </p>
</asp:Content>

2、异步 Controller 的 Demo
Areas/AsynchronousController/Controllers/HomeController.cs

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-->/*
 * ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 异步 Controller
 *     1、需要继承基类 AsyncController
 *     2、在 Async 为后缀的方法中写发起异步操作的逻辑;在 Completed 为后缀的方法中写异步操作完成后的逻辑;此两个方法的前缀就是这个异步 Controller 的 Action
 *     3、AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Increment() - 递增当前异步操作的计数器;AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Decrement(); - 递减当前异步操作的计数器。当异步操作的计数器为 0 时,则调用以 Completed 为后缀的方法
 *     4、AsyncManager.Parameters[key] - 传递指定参数到以 Completed 为后缀的方法中
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

using System.Net;
using System.Xml;
using System.ServiceModel.Syndication;

namespace MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController.Controllers
{
    [HandleError]
    public class HomeController : AsyncController
    {
        // IndexAsync() 以及 IndexCompleted() 是一对,其 Action 为 Index

        // 开始一个异步操作
        public void IndexAsync()
        {
            // 递增计数器
            AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Increment();

            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/rss");
            request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(OnGetRssFeedAsyncCompleted), request);
        }

        // 完成异步操作后
        public ActionResult IndexCompleted(IEnumerable<SyndicationItem> items)
        {
            ViewData["Message"] = "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!";
            ViewData["SyndicationItems"] = items;
            return View();
        }

        private void OnGetRssFeedAsyncCompleted(IAsyncResult result)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)result.AsyncState;
            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.EndGetResponse(result);

            using (XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(response.GetResponseStream()))
            {
                SyndicationFeed feed = SyndicationFeed.Load(reader);

                // 传递指定参数到 IndexCompleted() 方法中
                AsyncManager.Parameters["items"] = feed.Items;

                // 递减计数器,当计数器为 0 时,则调用 IndexCompleted()
                AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Decrement();
            }
        }
    }
}

Areas/AsynchronousController/Views/Home/Index.aspx

返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性代码


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--><%@ Page Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>" %>

<%@ Import Namespace="System.ServiceModel.Syndication" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <h2>
            <%: ViewData["Message"] %></h2>
        <div>
            <!--
                调用异步 Controller 的 Demo
                注意:Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>",这里用了 dynamic 类型
            -->
            <% foreach (SyndicationItem item in (IEnumerable<SyndicationItem>)ViewData["SyndicationItems"])
               { %>
            <a href="<%= item.Id %>">
                <%= item.Title.Text %></a><br />
            <% } %>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

3、Area 的 Demo
Areas/AsynchronousController/AsynchronousControllerAreaRegistration.cs

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-->/*
 * ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 对 Area 的支持,其允许在一个应用程序内实现多套 MVC
 *     1、新建 Area:右键 -> Add -> Area...
 *     2、继承 AreaRegistration,配置对应此 Area 的路由
 *     3、在 Global 中通过 AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); 注册此 Area
 *     4、有了 Area,就一定要配置路由的命名空间
 */

using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController
{
    // 新建一个 Area 会自动生成这个继承自 AreaRegistration 的类
    // 如果需要使用此 Area 下的 MVC, 需要在 Global 中 AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
    public class AsynchronousControllerAreaRegistration : AreaRegistration
    {
        public override string AreaName
        {
            get
            {
                return "AsynchronousController";
            }
        }

        public override void RegisterArea(AreaRegistrationContext context)
        {
            // 在 Area 中配置路由的时候,要设置命名空间(即本例中的第 4 个参数)
            context.MapRoute(
                "AsynchronousController_default",
                "AsynchronousController/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, // Parameter defaults
                new string[] { "MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController.Controllers" }
            );
        }
    }
}

Global.asax

返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性代码


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-->using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace MVC20
{
    public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

            // 用于本项目中使用了 Area,所以在配置路由的时候,要设置命名空间(即本例中的第 4 个参数)
            routes.MapRoute(
                "Default", // Route name
                "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters
                new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, // UrlParameter.Optional - 如果从url路由中无法获取某个参数的值,则从url参数中获取该参数的值
                new string[] {"MVC20.Controllers"}
            );
        }

        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            // 注册本应用程序中的所有 Area
            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();

            RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
        }
    }
}

4、对 DataAnnotations 的支持,实现数据验证(包括客户端验证)
Metadata.cs

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-->/*
 * ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 对 DataAnnotations 的支持,可以实现验证及 Scaffold
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MVC20.Models
{
    [MetadataType(typeof(ProductCategory_Metadata))]
    public partial class ProductCategory
    {

    }

    public class ProductCategory_Metadata
    {
        [Required(AllowEmptyStrings = false, ErrorMessage = "{0} 为必填字段")]
        [NameValidation(ErrorMessage = "{0} 只能是数字")]
        [Display(Name="名称")]
        public string Name;

        [ScaffoldColumn(false)]
        public object ModifiedDate { get; set; }

        // DisplayValue=true - 默认值。在显示模板中,用一个 lable 显示指定的值;在编辑模板中,用一个 lable 显示指定的值,并用一个 hidden input 保存该值
        // DisplayValue=false - 在显示模板中,不做任何显示;在编辑模板中,不做任何显示,但会用一个 hidden input 保存该值
        [System.Web.Mvc.HiddenInput(DisplayValue=true)]
        public object rowguid { get; set; }
    }

    // 通过继承 RegularExpressionAttribute 实现自定义验证 Attribute
    // 通过继承 ValidationAttribute 实现自定义验证 Attribute 的 Demo 可以参看 http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2009/02/23/1396212.html
    public class NameValidationAttribute : RegularExpressionAttribute
    {
        public NameValidationAttribute()
            : base("^[0-9]*$")
        {
 
        }
    }
}

CategoryController.cs

返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性代码


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-->using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

using MVC20.Models;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace MVC20.Controllers
{
    public class CategoryController : Controller
    {
        // DefaultValueAttribute - 用于为参数指定默认值。当路由或url参数中无此参数时,则会使用此默认值
        public ActionResult Index([DefaultValue(2)]int pageIndex)
        {
            int pageSize = 10;
            var categories = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(pageIndex, pageSize);

            return View("Index", categories);
        }
        
        public ActionResult Edit(int id)
        {
            var category = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(id);

            return View("Edit", category);
        }

        // 用于演示实现 Model 级别的 Dynamic Data
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection formValues)
        {
            var cs = new Models.CategorySystem();
            var category = cs.GetCategory(id);

            TryUpdateModel<ProductCategory>(category);

            cs.Save();

            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }

        public ActionResult Edit2(int id)
        {
            var category = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(id);

            return View("Edit2", category);
        }

        // 用于演示实现 Property 级别的 Dynamic Data
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Edit2(int id, FormCollection formValues)
        {
            var cs = new Models.CategorySystem();
            var category = cs.GetCategory(id);

            TryUpdateModel<ProductCategory>(category);

            cs.Save();

            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }

        public ActionResult Details(int id)
        {
            var category = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(id);

            return View("Details", category);
        }

        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            ProductCategory category = new ProductCategory()
            {
                
            };

            return View(category);
        }

        // 用于演示通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Create(ProductCategory category)
        {
            if (!ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                return View(category);
            }
            else
            {
                var cs = new Models.CategorySystem();
                cs.AddCategory(category);
                cs.Save();

                return View("Details", category);
            }
        }
    }
}

Create.aspx

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--><%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">
    Create
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">

    <!--
        为了实现客户端验证,需要引用以下两个 JavaScript
    -->
    <script src="http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftAjax.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftMvcValidation.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

    <h2>Create</h2>

    <!--启用客户端验证功能-->
    <% Html.EnableClientValidation(); %>

    <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%>
  
        <!--  Html.ValidationSummary Helper Method Can Display Model-Level Errors -->
        <%: Html.ValidationSummary("错误信息如下:")%>

        <fieldset>
            <legend>Fields</legend>
            
            <div class="editor-label">
                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID) %>
            </div>
            <div class="editor-field">
                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID) %>
                <!--
                    验证的错误信息来自 DataAnnotations,也可以通过 ValidationMessageFor() 来指定需要显示的错误信息
                -->
                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID, "*") %>
            </div>
            
            <div class="editor-label">
                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>
            </div>
            <div class="editor-field">
                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>
                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>
            </div>
            
            <div class="editor-label">
                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name) %>
            </div>
            <div class="editor-field">
                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.Name) %>
                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name) %>
            </div>
            
            <div class="editor-label">
                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.rowguid) %>
            </div>
            <div class="editor-field">
                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.rowguid) %>
                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.rowguid) %>
            </div>
            
            <div class="editor-label">
                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ModifiedDate) %>
            </div>
            <div class="editor-field">
                <%: Html.TextBox("ModifiedDate", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd")) %>
                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ModifiedDate) %>
            </div>
            
            <p>
                <input type="submit" value="Create" />
            </p>
        </fieldset>

    <% } %>

    <div>
        <%: Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") %>
    </div>

</asp:Content>

5、MVC 与 Dynamic Data 相结合的 Demo

相关的 DataAnnotations 就用上面的那个

Category/Edit.aspx

返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性代码


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--><%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">
    Edit
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">
    <h2>
        Edit</h2>

    <% using (Html.BeginForm()) { %>

        <%: Html.ValidationSummary("错误信息如下:")%>

        <%= Html.EditorFor(category => category) %>

        <input type="submit" value="Save" />

    <% } %>

    <div>
        <%: Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") %>
    </div>
</asp:Content>

Category/Edit2.aspx

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--><%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">
    Edit2
</asp:Content>

<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">

    <h2>Edit2</h2>

    <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%>
    
        <%: Html.ValidationSummary("错误信息如下:")%>
            
        <fieldset>
            <legend>Fields</legend>
            
            <%= Html.LabelFor(c => c.ParentProductCategoryID) %>: <%= Html.EditorFor(c => c.ParentProductCategoryID)%>
            </br>
            <%= Html.LabelFor(c => c.Name) %>: <%= Html.EditorFor(c => c.Name)%>
            
            <p>
                <input type="submit" value="Save" />
            </p>
        </fieldset>

    <% } %>

    <div>
        <%: Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") %>
    </div>

</asp:Content>

Category/Index.aspx

返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性代码


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--><%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<IEnumerable<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>>" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">
    Index
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">
    <h2>
        Index</h2>
    <table>
        <tr>
            <th>
            </th>
            <th>
                ProductCategoryID
            </th>
            <th>
                ParentProductCategoryID
            </th>
            <th>
                名称
            </th>
            <th>
                rowguid
            </th>
            <th>
                ModifiedDate
            </th>
        </tr>
        <% foreach (var item in Model)
           { %>
        <tr>
            <td>
                <%: Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID }) %>
                |
                <%: Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID })%>
                |
                <%: Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID })%>
            </td>
            <td>
                <%: item.ProductCategoryID %>
            </td>
            <td>
                <%: item.ParentProductCategoryID %>
            </td>
            <td>
                <%: Html.DisplayTextFor(c => item.Name)%>
            </td>
            <td>
                <%: item.rowguid %>
            </td>
            <td>
                <!--
                    Html.DisplayFor() - 可以指定显示模板(可以指定 Property 级模板,也可以指定 Model 级模板),本例的模板地址为 Views/Shared/DisplayTemplates/MyDate.ascx ,这种实现方式来自 Dynamic Data
                -->
                <%= Html.DisplayFor(Product => item.ModifiedDate, "MyDate")%>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <% } %>
    </table>
    <p>
        <%= Html.RouteLink("上一页", "Default", new { pageIndex = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["pageIndex"] ?? "2") - 1 })%>
        |
        <%= Html.RouteLink("下一页", "Default", new { pageIndex = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["pageIndex"] ?? "2") + 1 })%>
    </p>
    <p>
        <%: Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") %>
    </p>
</asp:Content>

Shared/DisplayTemplates/MyDate.ascx

<%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<dynamic>" %><%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", Model)) %> 

OK
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