Python Paste.deploy 笔记

时间:2023-03-09 14:45:08
Python Paste.deploy 笔记

首先python paste是一个WSGI工具包,在WSGI的基础上包装了几层,让应用管理和实现变得方便。说实话,Python Paste的文档做的真差劲!加之python代码可读性本来就不怎么滴,真费劲。

paste.deploy关键部分留个抓印:

1)python paste.deploy不能只装个paste.deploy包就可以工作了,还需要paste.script包

2)python paste.deploy中loadapp给的路径可用os.path.abspath(配置文件相对路径)得到配置文件的绝对路径,否则报找不到relative_to path...没搞明白怎么回事,目前不重要,放过。

3)python paste.deploy中filter,filter_factory,app,app_factory的规范在文档中都没怎么写清楚,我来给你补上吧:

- app是一个callable object,接受的参数(environ,start_response),这是paste系统交给application的,符合

WSGI规范的参数. app需要完成的任务是响应envrion中的请求,准备好响应头和消息体,然后交给start_response处理,并返回响应消息体。

- filter是一个callable object,其唯一参数是(app),这是WSGI的application对象,见(1),filter需要完成的工作是将application包 装成另一个application(“过滤”),并返回这个包装后的application。

- app_factory是一个callable object,其接受的参数是一些关于application的配置信息:(global_conf,**kwargs),global_conf是在 ini文件中default section中定义的一系列key-value对,而**kwargs,即一些本地配置,是在ini文件中,app:xxx section中定义的一 系列key-value对。app_factory返回值是一个application对象

- filter_factory是一个callable object,其接受的参数是一系列关于filter的配置信息:(global_conf,**kwargs),global_conf是在ini文件 中default section中定义的一系列key-value对,而**kwargs,即一些本地配置,是在ini文件中,filter:xxx section中定 义的一系列key-value对。filter_factory返回一个filter对象

给个例子:

pastedeploylab.ini:

     [DEFAULT]
key1=value1
key2=value2
key3=values
[composite:pdl]
use=egg:Paste#urlmap
/:root
/calc:calc
[pipeline:root]
pipeline = logrequest showversion
[pipeline:calc]
pipeline = logrequest calculator
[filter:logrequest]
username = root
password = root123
paste.filter_factory = pastedeploylab:LogFilter.factory
[app:showversion]
version = 1.0.0
paste.app_factory = pastedeploylab:ShowVersion.factory
[app:calculator]
description = This is an "+-*/" Calculator
paste.app_factory = pastedeploylab:Calculator.factory

pastedeploylab.py

 Created on 2011-6-12
@author: Sonic
'''
import os
import webob
from webob import Request
from webob import Response
from paste.deploy import loadapp
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
#Filter
class LogFilter():
def __init__(self,app):
self.app = app
pass
def __call__(self,environ,start_response):
print "filter:LogFilter is called."
return self.app(environ,start_response)
@classmethod
def factory(cls, global_conf, **kwargs):
print "in LogFilter.factory", global_conf, kwargs
return LogFilter
class ShowVersion():
def __init__(self):
pass
def __call__(self,environ,start_response):
start_response("200 OK",[("Content-type", "text/plain")])
return ["Paste Deploy LAB: Version = 1.0.0",]
@classmethod
def factory(cls,global_conf,**kwargs):
print "in ShowVersion.factory", global_conf, kwargs
return ShowVersion()
class Calculator():
def __init__(self):
pass def __call__(self,environ,start_response):
req = Request(environ)
res = Response()
res.status = "200 OK"
res.content_type = "text/plain"
# get operands
operator = req.GET.get("operator", None)
operand1 = req.GET.get("operand1", None)
operand2 = req.GET.get("operand2", None)
print req.GET
opnd1 = int(operand1)
opnd2 = int(operand2)
if operator == u'plus':
opnd1 = opnd1 + opnd2
elif operator == u'minus':
opnd1 = opnd1 - opnd2
elif operator == u'star':
opnd1 = opnd1 * opnd2
elif operator == u'slash':
opnd1 = opnd1 / opnd2
res.body = "%s /nRESULT= %d" % (str(req.GET) , opnd1)
return res(environ,start_response)
@classmethod
def factory(cls,global_conf,**kwargs):
print "in Calculator.factory", global_conf, kwargs
return Calculator()
if __name__ == '__main__':
configfile="pastedeploylab.ini"
appname="pdl"
wsgi_app = loadapp("config:%s" % os.path.abspath(configfile), appname)
server = make_server('localhost',8080,wsgi_app)
server.serve_forever()
pass

使用:

http://127.0.0.1:8080/

输出:

Paste Deploy LAB: Version = 1.0.0

http://127.0.0.1:8080/calc?operator=plus&operand1=12&operand2=23

输出:

UnicodeMultiDict([('operator', u'plus'), ('operand1', u'12'), ('operand2', u'23')])

RESULT= 35
====================================================
进一步猜测filter的使用过程:在paste deploy库中应该有类似这样的一段代码对application进行重组包装:
#
# 假设在ini文件中, 某条pipeline的顺序是filter1, filter2, filter3
# app, 那么,最终运行的app_real是这样组织的:
#
app_real = filter1(filter2(filter3(app)))
# 在app真正被调用的过程中,filter1.__call__(environ,start_response)被首先调用,若某种检查未通过,filter1做出反应;否则交给filter2__call__(environ,start_response)
进一步处理,若某种检查未通过,filter2做出反应,中断链条,否则交给filter3.__call__(environ,start_response)处理,若filter3的某种检查都通过了,最后交给
app.__call__(environ,start_response)进行处理。