SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

时间：2023-03-09 07:22:45
SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

server-sent events--One Way Messaging

　　

　　

　　

　　允许网页获得来自服务器的更新,并且自动更新

  • Server-Sent Events: allow a web page to get updates from a server
  • This was also possible before, but the web page would have to ask if any updates were available. With server-sent events, the updates come automatically.
  • Examples: Facebook/Twitter updates, stock price updates, news feeds, sport results, etc.

　　原理如下：

  1. client利用regular http请求webpage
  2. 请求的webpage 执行javascript脚本,open a connection to server.

  3. 当有新的信息时服务器将信息发送给client

SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

浏览器支持情况：

desktop：

SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

mobile：

SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

使用入门：

receive Server-Sent Event Notifications: (接收Server-sent事件通知)

利用EventSource的onmessage获取消息

EventSource事件如下：

onopen   当服务器连接被打开时   When a connection to the server is opened

onmessage   当接收到消息       When a message is received

onerror

创建和关闭

var source = new EventSource();

source.close();

数据格式：

data: My message\n\n

如果数据比较长时，可以采用多行data：然后使用event.data.split('\n').join('')组合数据

data: first line\n

data: second line\n\n

简单例子：

eg：html页面：

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<style>

div{

    border-radius: 10px;

    border: 2px solid pink;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1></h1>

<div id="result"></div>

<script>

if(typeof(EventSource)!=="undefined")   //监测是否支持EventSource

  {

  var source=new EventSource("sseServer.jsp");

  source.onmessage=function(event)

    {

    document.getElementById("result").innerHTML+=event.data + "<br />";

    };

  }

else

  {

  document.getElementById("result").innerHTML="Sorry, your browser does not support server-sent events...";

  }

</script>

</body>

</html>

服务器sseServer.jsp代码：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/event-stream; charset=UTF-8"

    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<%@ page import="java.util.Date"%>

<%@ page import="java.io.*"%>

<%

    Date date = new Date();

    System.out.println(date);

    response.setContentType("text/event-stream");      //设置contentType

    response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");   //设置不缓存

    response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

    response.setDateHeader("Expires",0);

    PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();

    pw.print("data: today is "+date.toString()+" wish you happy~~~");  //注意必须以data：开头

    pw.flush();

%>

结果：

SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

eg2：传送多行数据：

if(typeof(EventSource)!=="undefined"){

  var source=new EventSource("multiLineServer.jsp");

  source.onmessage=function(event)

  {

        document.getElementById("result").innerHTML+=event.data.split('\n').join('') + "<br />";

  };

 }else{

  document.getElementById("result").innerHTML="Sorry, your browser does not support server-sent events...";

  }
    Date date = new Date();

    System.out.println(date);

    response.setContentType("text/event-stream");

    response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");

    response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

    response.setDateHeader("Expires",0);

    PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();

    pw.println("data: today is "+date.toString()+" wish you happy~~~");

    pw.println("data: have a nice day");

    pw.flush();

结果如下：

SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

eg3：以json格式封装数据：

if(typeof(EventSource)!=="undefined"){

  var source=new EventSource("jsonServer.jsp");

  source.onmessage=function(event)

  {

      var data = JSON.parse(event.data);

      document.getElementById("result").innerHTML+="date:"+data.date + "<br />";

      document.getElementById("result").innerHTML+="name:"+data.name + "<br />";

  };

 }else{

  document.getElementById("result").innerHTML="Sorry, your browser does not support server-sent events...";

  }

server：

Date date = new Date();

System.out.println(date);

response.setContentType("text/event-stream");

response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");

response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

response.setDateHeader("Expires",0);

PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();

pw.println("data: {");

pw.println("data: \"date\":\""+date.toString()+"\",");

pw.println("data: \"name\":\"wish\"");

pw.println("data:}");

pw.flush();

结果如下：

SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

添加监听事件：

事件如下：

message

open

error

eg：

if(typeof(EventSource)!=="undefined"){

  var source=new EventSource("sseServer.jsp");

  source.addEventListener('message',function(event){

      //Connection was opended

        document.getElementById("result").innerHTML+=event.data + "<br />";

  },false);

 }else{

  document.getElementById("result").innerHTML="Sorry, your browser does not support server-sent events...";

  }

服务器端代码相同，结果与上例相同：

SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

open和error事件如下：

source.addEventListener('open', function(event) {

  // Connection was opened.

}, false);

source.addEventListener('error', function(event) {

  if (event.readyState == EventSource.CLOSED) {

    // Connection was closed.

  }

}, false);

 注意：当连接关闭时，浏览器会自动在3秒后重新连接，可以在服务器端设置时间

设置事件id和reconnect time

设置id

在stream前加上id:, 可以让浏览器跟踪最后一次触发的事件，如果服务器死掉时，可以在新的请求设置HTTP header，通过event.lastEventId可以获取该值

eg：

id: 1222\n

data: ...\n

设置reconnection time

默认是在连接关闭3秒后reconnect，可以通过设置stream更改

eg：设置5秒

retry: 50000\n

data: ......\n

自定义事件名称

eg:设置update事件

stream：

event: update\n

data: {"username": "wish", "emotion": "happy"}\n

js：

source.addEventListener('update', function(event) {

  var data = JSON.parse(event.data);

  console.log(data.username + ' is now ' + data.emotion);

}, false);

Security

在stream中增加origin

source.addEventListener('message', function(event) {

  if (event.origin != 'http://cnblogs.com') {

    //................

    return;

  }

  ...

}, false);

其他请参考：Cross-document messaging security

polling相关技术比较

Regular http:

  1. client发送请求.
  2. server计算
  3. server sends the response to the client.

SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

AJAX Polling:

  1. client利用regular http请求webpage
  2. 请求的webpage 执行javascript脚本以一定间隔向服务器请求file
  3. server计算每个reqponse，发送给client

SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

AJAX Long-Polling:

  1. client利用regular http请求webpage
  2. 请求的webpage 执行javascript脚本向服务器请求file
  3. 服务器并不立即响应，而是等到有新的信息时才响应
  4. client收到response后立即发送新的请求，重复上面过程

SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

HTML5 Websockets:

  1. client利用regular http请求webpage
  2. 请求的webpage 执行javascript脚本,open a connection to server.

  3. 有新的信息时服务器和客户端可以相互发送信息（Real-time traffic from the server to the client and from the client to the server）

  4. 使用请查看：https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/WebSockets/Writing_WebSocket_client_applications

SSE及相关技术（web sockets, long polling等）

Comet:

Comet 是HTML5技术之前使用streaming 和long-polling来实现实时应用程序的技术（Streaming and long polling for responsive communication between your server and client）更多了解：http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/web/library/wa-reverseajax1/index.html

Comet is a web application model where a request is sent to the server and kept alive for a long time, until a time-out or a server event occurs. When the request is completed, another long-lived Ajax request is sent to wait for other server events. With Comet, web servers can send the data to the client without having to explicitly request it. 

相关博文：HTML5 Web socket和socket.io

参考：http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_serversentevents.asp

　　　 http://jaxenter.com/tutorial-jsf-2-and-html5-server-sent-events-42932.html

　　   http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/eventsource/basics/

　　    http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/comms.html#authors

　　    http://*.com/questions/11077857/what-are-long-polling-websockets-server-sent-events-sse-and-comet

　　　　http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/web/library/wa-reverseajax1/index.html