javaScript补充

时间:2023-03-09 18:08:53
javaScript补充

一、字符串常用的方法

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obj.length 长度
obj.trim() 移除前后空白
obj.trimLeft() 移除前空白
obj.trimRight() 移除后空白
obj.charAt(n) 返回字符串中的第n个字符
obj.concat(value, …) 拼接
obj.indexOf(substring,start) 子序列位置
obj.substring(from, to) 根据索引获取子序列
obj.slice(start, end) 切片
obj.toLowerCase() 大写
obj.toUpperCase() 小写
obj.split(delimiter, limit) 分割

二、数组常用的方法

1.obj.length   数组的大小

2.obj.push(ele)  尾部追加元素

3.obj.pop()   尾部获取一个元素

4.obj.unshift(ele)头部插入元素

5.obj.shift()   头部移出元素

6.obj.reverse()  反转

7.obj.join()   将数组元素链接起来构建一个字符串

8.obj.concat(val...)   连接数组

9.obj.sort()  对数组元素进行排序

三、属性方法

 var s="hello world";
console.log(s.length);
console.log(s.toUpperCase());
console.log(s.charAt(3));// 通过索引获取字符
console.log(s.indexOf("w"));// 通过字符获取索引
console.log(s.substr(1,3));// 字符串截断,substr(起始位置,截断长度)
console.log(s.substring(1,3));// 字符串截断,substr(起始位置,截断位置)
console.log(s.slice(1,3));// 字符串截断,substr(起始位置,截断位置)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
*{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.left{
width: 20%;
height: 500px;
float: left;
background-color: wheat;
} .right{
float: left;
width: 80%;
height: 500px;
background-color: lightgray; } .title{
text-align: center;
line-height: 40px;
background-color: #0e90d2;
color: white;
}
.item{
padding: 10px;
} .hide{
display: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body> <div class="outer">
<div class="left">
<div class="item">
<div class="title">菜单一</div>
<ul class="con">
<li>111</li>
<li>111</li>
<li>111</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="title">菜单二</div>
<ul class="con hide">
<li>222</li>
<li>222</li>
<li>222</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="item">
<div class="title">菜单三</div>
<ul class="con hide">
<li>333</li>
<li>333</li>
<li>333</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="right"></div>
</div> <script> var eles_title=document.getElementsByClassName("title"); for (var i=0;i<eles_title.length;i++){
eles_title[i].onclick=function(){ this.nextElementSibling.classList.remove("hide"); for(var j=0;j<eles_title.length;j++){ if (eles_title[j]!=this){
eles_title[j].nextElementSibling.classList.add("hide")
} } } } </script>
</body>
</html>

左侧菜单

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title> <script> function Focus(){ var input=document.getElementById("ID1");
if (input.value=="请输入用户名"){
input.value="";
} } function Blurs(){ var ele=document.getElementById("ID1");
var val=ele.value;
if(!val.trim()){ ele.value="请输入用户名";
}
} </script>
</head>
<body>
<input id="ID1" type="text" value="请输入用户名" onblur="Blurs()" onfocus="Focus()">
</body>
</html>

搜索框

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.back{
background-color: white;
height: 2000px;
} .shade{
position: fixed;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
left:0;
right: 0;
background-color: grey;
opacity: 0.4;
} .hide{
display: none;
} .models{
position: fixed;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
margin-left: -100px;
margin-top: -100px;
height: 200px;
width: 200px;
background-color: wheat; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="back">
<input class="c" type="button" value="click">
</div> <div class="shade hide handles"></div> <div class="models hide handles">
<input class="c" type="button" value="cancel">
</div> <script> var eles=document.getElementsByClassName("c");
var handles=document.getElementsByClassName("handles");
for(var i=0;i<eles.length;i++){
eles[i].onclick=function(){ if(this.value=="click"){ for(var j=0;j<handles.length;j++){ handles[j].classList.remove("hide"); } }
else {
for(var j=0;j<handles.length;j++){ handles[j].classList.add("hide");
} }
}
} </script> </body>
</html>

模态对话框

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body> <button class="select_all">全选</button>
<button class="select_reverse">反选</button>
<button class="cancel">取消</button> <hr> <table class="server_table" border="2px" cellspacing="2px">
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" class="item"></td>
<td>111</td>
<td>111</td>
<td>111</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" class="item"></td>
<td>222</td>
<td>222</td>
<td>222</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" class="item"></td>
<td>333</td>
<td>333</td>
<td>333</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" class="item"></td>
<td>444</td>
<td>444</td>
<td>444</td>
</tr>
</table> <script>
/*
var ele_all=document.getElementsByClassName("select_all")[0];
var ele_reverse=document.getElementsByClassName("select_reverse")[0];
var ele_cancel=document.getElementsByClassName("cancel")[0];
var input_arr=document.getElementsByClassName("item"); ele_all.onclick=function(){
for(var i=0;i<input_arr.length;i++){
console.log(input_arr[i]);
var input=input_arr[i];
input.checked=true;
}
}; ele_cancel.onclick=function(){
for(var i=0;i<input_arr.length;i++){
console.log(input_arr[i]);
var input=input_arr[i];
input.checked=false;
}
}; ele_reverse.onclick=function(){
for(var i=0;i<input_arr.length;i++){
console.log(input_arr[i]);
var input=input_arr[i];
if(input.checked){
input.checked=false;
}
else{
input.checked=true;
}
}
}; */ var input_arr=document.getElementsByClassName("item");
var button_arr=document.getElementsByTagName("button"); for(var i=0;i<button_arr.length;i++){ button_arr[i].onclick=function(){ for (var j=0;j<input_arr.length;j++){
var inp=input_arr[j]
if(this.innerText=="全选"){
console.log("ok");
inp.checked=true;
}
else if(this.innerText=="取消"){
inp.checked=false;
}
else {
if(inp.checked){
inp.checked=false;
}else {
inp.checked=true;
}
} }
} }
</script>
</body>
</html>

表格案例(全选,反选,取消)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>tab</title>
<style>
*{margin:0; padding:0; list-style:none;}
body{
font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "\9ED1\4F53", Arial, sans-serif;
}
h3{
text-align: center;
color:darkcyan;
margin-top: 30px;
letter-spacing: 5px;
}
.box{
width: 1000px;
margin:50px auto 0px;
}
#title{
line-height: 40px;
background-color: rgb(247,247,247);
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: bold;
color: rgb(102,102,102);
}
#title span{
float: left;
width: 166px;
text-align: center;
}
#title span:hover{
/*color: black;*/
cursor: pointer;
}
#content{
margin-top: 20px;
}
#content li{
width: 1050px;
display: none;
background-color: rgb(247,247,247);
}
#content li div{
width: 156px;
margin-right: 14px;
float: left;
text-align: center;
}
#content li div a{
font-size: 14px;
color: black;
line-height: 14px;
/* float: left;*/
display: inline-block;
margin-top: 10px;
}
#content li a:hover{
color: #B70606;
}
#content li div span{
font-size: 16px;
line-height: 16px;
/*float: left;*/
display: block;
color: rgb(102,102,102);
margin-top: 10px;
}
#content img{
float: left;
width: 155px;
height: 250px;
}
#title .select{
background-color: #2459a2;
color: white;
border-radius: 10%;
}
#content .show{
display: block;
} .show span{
color: red!important;
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head> <body>
<h3 id="wel">京东商城欢迎您</h3>
<!-- direction="right up down left" -->
<!-- behavior:滚动方式(包括3个值:scroll、slide、alternate) -->
<!-- 说明:scroll:循环滚动,默认效果;slide:只滚动一次就停止;alternate:来回交替进行滚动。 -->
<!-- scrollamount="5" 滚动速度 --> <marquee behavior="scroll" direction="right">欢迎您苑昊先生</marquee>
<script> function test(){ var mywel = document.getElementById("wel");
var content = mywel.innerText; var f_content = content.charAt(0);
var l_content = content.substring(1,content.length); var new_content = l_content + f_content;
mywel.innerText = new_content; } // setInterval("test();", 500);
</script>
<div class="box">
<p id="title">
<span class="select">家用电器</span>
<span>家具</span>
<span>汽车</span>
<span>食品</span>
<span>女鞋</span>
<span>医疗保健</span>
</p> <ul id="content">
<li class="show"> <div><img src="https://img10.360buyimg.com/n1/s450x450_jfs/t4786/325/2470647304/119102/9e1a4ed5/59005841Nd786a8df.jpg" alt="冰箱"><a href="#">容声(Ronshen)冰箱</a><span>价格:5600</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/s450x450_jfs/t3037/347/1290968859/201366/7c1028a0/57c00194N9d0a54c6.jpg" alt="洗衣机"><a href="#">海尔洗衣机</a><span>价格:5400</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3289/128/2393835119/236360/af1d283b/57e0f300N53dde603.jpg" alt="电饭煲"><a href="#">福库(CUCKOO)电饭煲</a><span>价格:3999</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img13.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3235/137/2361713777/152258/a6908440/57e098c2N44a90a5d.jpg" alt="智能电视"><a href="#">三星智能电视</a><span>价格:8999</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img10.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t2053/101/1391591157/215066/572e131b/5696ee9bN2376492d.jpg" alt="净水器"><a href="#">净水器</a><span>价格:1300</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3175/78/2357430273/262835/9a8e7f65/57e0a3e9Nbda39dd2.jpg" alt="空气净化器"><a href="#">空气净化器</a><span>价格:5300</span></div>
</li> <li> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div> </li>
<li>
<div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div>
<div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div>
<div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div>
<div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div>
<div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div>
<div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div>
</li>
<li> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div> </li>
<li> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div> </li>
<li> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div>
<div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div> </li> </ul>
</div> <script>
var title=document.getElementById('title');
var content=document.getElementById('content');
var category=title.getElementsByTagName('span');
var item=content.getElementsByTagName('li'); for (var i = 0; i < category.length; i++) { category[i].index=i; category[i].onclick=function(){ for (var j = 0; j < category.length; j++) {
category[j].className='';
item[j].className='';
}
this.className='select';
item[this.index].className='show';
} } </script>
</body>
</html>

跑马灯与tab的切换

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title> <style>
.outer{
margin: 0 auto;
background-color: darkgray;
width: 80%;
height: 600px;margin-top: 30px;
word-spacing: -5px; } #left{
display: inline-block;
width: 100px ;
height: 140px;
background-color: wheat;
text-align: center; } #choice{
display: inline-block;
height: 140px;
background-color: darkolivegreen; vertical-align: top;
padding:0 5px; } #choice button{
margin-top: 20px;
} #right{
display: inline-block;
width: 100px ;
height: 140px;
background-color: wheat;
text-align: center;
line-height: 140px; } </style>
</head>
<body> <div class="outer"> <select multiple="multiple" size="5" id="left">
<option>红楼梦</option>
<option>西游记</option>
<option>水浒传</option>
<option>*Mei</option>
<option>三国演义</option>
</select> <span id="choice">
<button id="choose_move"> > </button><br>
<button id="all_move"> >> </button>
</span> <select multiple="multiple" size="10" id="right">
<option>放风筝的人</option>
</select> </div> <script> var choose_move=document.getElementById("choose_move");
var all_move=document.getElementById("all_move"); var right=document.getElementById("right");
var left=document.getElementById("left");
var options=left.options; choose_move.onclick=function(){ for (var i=0; i<options.length;i++){ var option=options[i];
if(option.selected==true){ // var news=option.cloneNode(true);
// console.log(news); right.appendChild(option);
i--;
}
}
}; all_move.onclick=function(){ for (var i=0; i<options.length;i++){ var option=options[i]; right.appendChild(option);
i--; };
}; /*
var buttons=document.getElementsByTagName("button");
for(var i=0;i<buttons.length;i++) {
buttons[i].onclick = function () { for (var i = 0; i < options.length; i++) { var option = options[i]; if (this.innerText == ">") {
if (option.selected == true) { // var news=option.cloneNode(true);
// console.log(news); right.appendChild(option);
i--;
}
} else {
right.appendChild(option);
i--;
}
}
};
} */ </script> </body>
</html>

select的移动

四、css(层叠样式表): 对html标签的渲染和布局

1 、查找标签

选择器
        基本选择器
       组合选择器
       属性选择器

2 、操作标签 (属性操作)
    文本操

  innerText 取值操作

块级标签:可以设置长和高,内联标签不可以

3、选择优先级

!important

规则内:
内嵌>id(100)>class(10)>element(1)

if 优先级相同,按加载顺序

4、继承:

优先级级别最低
      继承字体相关样式

5、布局关键点: 如何能让可以调节长宽的元素(标签)在一行显示

6、float:半脱离文档流
     position:fixed : 完全脱离文档流,固定定位 以科室窗口为参照物 可以使用top left进行定位

position:relative : 不脱离文档流 以自己原位置作为参照物, 可以使用top left进行定位

position:absolute : 完全脱离文档流, 以已经定位了的父标签作为参照物 可以使用top left进行定位

     将定位标签设置为absolute,将父级标签设置为定位标签(relative)

五、JS操作

事件操作:

onclick        当用户点击某个对象时调用的事件句柄。
ondblclick 当用户双击某个对象时调用的事件句柄。 onfocus 元素获得焦点。 练习:输入框
onblur 元素失去焦点。 应用场景:用于表单验证,用户离开某个输入框时,代表已经输入完了,我们可以对它进行验证.
onchange 域的内容被改变。 应用场景:通常用于表单元素,当元素内容被改变时触发.(三级联动) onkeydown 某个键盘按键被按下。 应用场景: 当用户在最后一个输入框按下回车按键时,表单提交.
onkeypress 某个键盘按键被按下并松开。
onkeyup 某个键盘按键被松开。 onload 一张页面或一幅图像完成加载。 onmousedown 鼠标按钮被按下。
onmousemove 鼠标被移动。
onmouseout 鼠标从某元素移开。
onmouseover 鼠标移到某元素之上。
onmouseleave 鼠标从元素离开 onselect 文本被选中。
onsubmit 确认按钮被点击。

事件操作

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body> <ul>
<li>111</li>
<li>222</li>
<li>333</li> </ul> <button>Add</button> <script> var eles_li=document.getElementsByTagName("li");
var ele_btn=document.getElementsByTagName("button")[0];
var ele_ul=document.getElementsByTagName("ul")[0];
// 添加li
ele_btn.onclick=function () {
var ele_li=document.createElement("li");
ele_li.innerHTML=444;
ele_ul.appendChild(ele_li)
}; // 绑定事件
for(var i=0;i<eles_li.length;i++){
eles_li[i].onclick=function () {
alert(this.innerHTML)
}
} // 事件委派 // ele_ul.addEventListener("click",function (e) {
// console.log(e.target); // 标签
// console.log(e.target.tagName); // 标签名称
//
// if(e.target.tagName=="LI"){
// console.log("OK")
// }
// }) </script>
</body>
</html>

事件委派

!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<input id="ID1" type="text" onclick="begin()">
<button onclick="end()">停止</button>
<script>
function showTime(){
var nowd2=new Date().toLocaleString();
var temp=document.getElementById("ID1");
temp.value=nowd2;
}
var ID;
function begin(){
if (ID==undefined){
showTime();
ID=setInterval(showTime,1000);
}
}
function end(){
clearInterval(ID);
ID=undefined;
}
</script> </body>
</html>

时间框

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body> <script>
var s=12;
function f(){
console.log(s); // undefined
var s=12; //
console.log(s) //
}
f(); </script> </body>
</html>

作用域链