[ipsec][crypto] 在IPSec ESP使用AES-GCM加密时的IV

时间:2023-03-08 19:38:49

IV

IV是指初始化向量。

在我们当前讨论的场景中: 在IPSec ESP使用AES-GCM加密

IV有两个含义:

1. ESP报文封装时的IV,RFC中称为 AES-GCM IV


   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Initialization Vector |
| ( octets) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
~ Ciphertext (variable) ~
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

2. 在讨论加解密设备的时候,我们讨论的IV,与1中不同,称为 AES-GCM-ESP IV, 也称作nonce

  nonce由 salt 和1中IV组成。


   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Salt |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Initialization Vector |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

总结:

  ESP的IV协议规定了固定长度是8字节,salt是固定的4字节。所以在当前场景内,GCM的IV长度,固定为12字节。

参考:

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4106#section-3.1

其他:

1  block size

由算法决定AES的block size为固定的16字节。

AES is a variant of Rijndael which has a fixed block size of  bits, and a key size of , , or  bits.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard

2  key length

AES的算法名字里边有AES128,AES256,这个怎么理解呢?

在实际的ESP封装传输以及ipsec协商中,他们使用的key length是上面的128,256 再加上32bit的盐。

在编码是需要注意。

AES-GCM-ESP with a  bit key
The KEYMAT requested for each AES-GCM key is octets. The first
octets are the -bit AES key, and the remaining four octets
are used as the salt value in the nonce. AES-GCM-ESP with a bit key
The KEYMAT requested for each AES-GCM key is octets. The first
octets are the -bit AES key, and the remaining four octets
are used as the salt value in the nonce. AES-GCM-ESP with a bit key
The KEYMAT requested for each AES GCM key is octets. The first
octets are the -bit AES key, and the remaining four octets
are used as the salt value in the nonce.