Chef 自动化运维:Chef 的安装

时间:2023-03-09 12:56:37
Chef 自动化运维:Chef 的安装

安装准备

准备三台服务器,分别用作 Chef Server、Chef DK、Chef Client 的安装使用。

在三台服务器中,添加以下 hosts:

vim /etc/hosts

192.168.221.89 chef-server.geekrainy.local chef-server
192.168.221.90 chef-dk.geekrainy.local chef-dk
192.168.221.91 chef-client.geekrainy.local chef-client

安装 Chef Server

访问 Chef 下载页面,选择合适的发行版和系统架构,进行下载安装:

wget https://packages.chef.io/files/stable/chef-server/12.17.15/el/7/chef-server-core-12.17.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

执行安装:

rpm -ivh chef-server*.rpm

执行配置(此过程会将需要的附属套件一并安装):

chef-server-ctl reconfigure

检查组件状态:

chef-server-ctl status

输出:

run: bookshelf: (pid 1246) 5195s; run: log: (pid 1243) 5195s
run: nginx: (pid 8394) 2240s; run: log: (pid 1262) 5195s
run: oc_bifrost: (pid 1253) 5195s; run: log: (pid 1252) 5195s
run: oc_id: (pid 1264) 5195s; run: log: (pid 8281) 2241s
run: opscode-erchef: (pid 8285) 2240s; run: log: (pid 1244) 5195s
run: opscode-expander: (pid 1251) 5195s; run: log: (pid 1247) 5195s
run: opscode-solr4: (pid 1259) 5195s; run: log: (pid 1258) 5195s
run: postgresql: (pid 1275) 5195s; run: log: (pid 1269) 5195s
run: rabbitmq: (pid 1257) 5195s; run: log: (pid 1256) 5195s
run: redis_lb: (pid 5711) 2271s; run: log: (pid 1250) 5195s

创建管理员用户和组织

以下命令创建过程中,会默认创建私钥,需要保存至安全的地方:

User Name: admin

First Name: admin

Last Name: admin

Email: admin@geekrainy.local

Password: password

File Name: admin.pem

Path: /etc/chef

chef-server-ctl user-create admin admin admin admin@geekrainy.local password -f /etc/chef/admin.pem

原始命令参考:

chef-server-ctl user-create USER_NAME FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME EMAIL 'PASSWORD' -f PATH_FILE_NAME

开始创建组织:

Short Name: geekrainy

Full Organization Name: GeekRainy, Inc

Association User: admin (设置 admin 用户为安全组用户)

Filename: geekrainy-validator.pem

Path: /etc/chef

chef-server-ctl org-create geekrainy "GeekRainy, Inc" --association_user admin -f /etc/chef/geekrainy-validator.pem

原始命令参考:

chef-server-ctl org-create short_name 'full_organization_name' --association_user user_name --filename ORGANIZATION-validator.pem

端口配置

Chef Server 要求开放下列端口通过防火墙,但是在此处我们只需要开放 80 和 443 端口。

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone public --add-service http
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone public --add-service https
firewall-cmd --reload

安装 Chef Workstation

下载安装:

wget https://packages.chef.io/files/stable/chefdk/2.4.17/el/7/chefdk-2.4.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh chefdk-*.rpm

验证安装:

chef verify

确保 ruby 环境安装完毕:

which ruby

配置环境变量:

echo 'eval "$(chef shell-init bash)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile

配置 Chef 仓库

确保安装了 git,之后使用 chef 命令初始化一个仓库:

chef generate repo chef-repo

配置 git 提交用户和邮箱:

git config --global user.name "admin"
git config --global user.email "admin@geekrainy.local"

初始化仓库:

cd chef-repo
git init

创建 .chef 目录,它将用来保存 Chef Server 创建的私钥,因此忽略该目录的版本跟踪:

echo '.chef' >> ~/chef-repo/.gitignore

初始化提交:

cd chef-repo
git add .
git commit -m "initial commit"

将服务器生成的 key 保存至 .chef 文件夹:

scp -pr root@chef-server:/etc/chef/admin.pem ~/chef-repo/.chef/
scp -pr root@chef-server:/etc/chef/geekrainy-validator.pem ~/chef-repo/.chef/

关于 Knife

Knife 是一个在 Chef 仓库和 Chef Server 之间进行交互的命令,在使用这个命令之前,需要新建一个 knife.rb 配置文件新建一个 config.rb 配置文件(在版本 12 中,用 config.rb 替换了 knife.rb,参见 https://docs.chef.io/config_rb.html)。

vim ~/chef-repo/.chef/knife.rb

在文件中添加如下信息:

current_dir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
log_level :info
log_location STDOUT
node_name "admin"
client_key "#{current_dir}/admin.pem"
validation_client_name "geekrainy-validator"
validation_key "#{current_dir}/geekrainy-validator.pem"
chef_server_url "https://chef-server.geekrainy.local/organizations/geekrainy"
syntax_check_cache_path "#{ENV['HOME']}/.chef/syntaxcache"
cookbook_path ["#{current_dir}/../cookbooks"]

node_name: 用户名应该与 Chef Server 创建的管理员用户名相匹配

client_key: 保存 Chef Server 创建的用户私钥的路径

validation_client_name: 组织的短用户名加 -validator

validation_key: Chef Server 创建的组织验证私钥路径

chef_server_url: 同 hostname 配置的一致

测试 Knife 命令:

cd ~/chef-repo
knife client list

得到如下错误:

ERROR: SSL Validation failure connecting to host: chef-server.geekrainy.local - SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failed
ERROR: Could not establish a secure connection to the server.
Use `knife ssl check` to troubleshoot your SSL configuration.
If your Chef Server uses a self-signed certificate, you can use
`knife ssl fetch` to make knife trust the server's certificates. Original Exception: OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError: SSL Error connecting to https://chef-server.geekrainy.local/organizations/geekrainy/clients - SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failed

从 Chef Server 获取证书:

knife ssl fetch

WARNING: Certificates from chef-server.geekrainy.local will be fetched and placed in your trusted_cert
directory (/root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs). Knife has no means to verify these are the correct certificates. You should
verify the authenticity of these certificates after downloading. Adding certificate for chef-server_geekrainy_local in /root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs/chef-server_geekrainy_local.crt

该证书将被保存至 .chef/trusted_certs 文件夹下。

此时再次执行命令验证:

knife client list
geekrainy-validator

可以得到结果,至此已经完成了搭建。

修改 hostname 的注意事项

若在安装 Chef Server 后,重新修改了 Chef Server 的 hostname,在获取 Chef Server 证书的时候是基于之前的主机名和域名配置的,因而需要重新执行配置:

vim /etc/opscode/chef-server.rb

添加如下配置:

server_name = "chef-server.geekrainy.local"
api_fqdn server_name

这里的 chef-server.geekrainy.local 为更改后的主机名配置,当然,同 knife.rb 中的地址也是一致的。执行 Chef Server 的重新配置命令:

server-ctl reconfigure

随后,重新执行上述步骤即可获得正确的 crt 证书。

关于 chef-server.rb 的配置,可以参考说明:https://docs.chef.io/config_rb_server.html

配置 Chef Client

用 knife 命令来创建一个新的节点,即在目标主机安装 Chef Client 与 Chef Server 相关联:

knife bootstrap chef-client.geekriany.local -x root -P password --sudo

如果需要使用 sudo 命令来获得管理员权限,则需要添加 --sudo 参数,在此处使用 CentOS 7,不需要此参数。

以上参数的解释:

-x ssh 用户名

-P ssh 密码

-p ssh 端口

执行后可以看到如下输出:

Connecting to chef-client.geekrainy.local
chef-client.geekrainy.local -----> Installing Chef Omnibus (-v 13)
chef-client.geekrainy.local downloading https://omnitruck-direct.chef.io/chef/install.sh
chef-client.geekrainy.local to file /tmp/install.sh.3511/install.sh
chef-client.geekrainy.local trying wget...
chef-client.geekrainy.local el 7 x86_64
chef-client.geekrainy.local Getting information for chef stable 13 for el...
chef-client.geekrainy.local downloading https://omnitruck-direct.chef.io/stable/chef/metadata?v=13&p=el&pv=7&m=x86_64
chef-client.geekrainy.local to file /tmp/install.sh.3528/metadata.txt
chef-client.geekrainy.local trying wget...
chef-client.geekrainy.local sha1 037a61a5d9c89d9b71d4c4f6256f45ed422a73ee
chef-client.geekrainy.local sha256 18826690ac2c7e5f16a21d898ed77be7d78fd2d84bc2a71b4506ee480876bc4b
chef-client.geekrainy.local url https://packages.chef.io/files/stable/chef/13.6.4/el/7/chef-13.6.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
chef-client.geekrainy.local version 13.6.4
chef-client.geekrainy.local downloaded metadata file looks valid...
chef-client.geekrainy.local downloading https://packages.chef.io/files/stable/chef/13.6.4/el/7/chef-13.6.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
chef-client.geekrainy.local to file /tmp/install.sh.3528/chef-13.6.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
chef-client.geekrainy.local trying wget...
chef-client.geekrainy.local Comparing checksum with sha256sum...
chef-client.geekrainy.local Installing chef 13
chef-client.geekrainy.local installing with rpm...
chef-client.geekrainy.local warning: /tmp/install.sh.3528/chef-13.6.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 83ef826a: NOKEY
chef-client.geekrainy.local Preparing... ################################# [100%]
chef-client.geekrainy.local Updating / installing...
chef-client.geekrainy.local 1:chef-13.6.4-1.el7 ################################# [100%]
chef-client.geekrainy.local Thank you for installing Chef!
chef-client.geekrainy.local Starting the first Chef Client run...
chef-client.geekrainy.local Starting Chef Client, version 13.6.4
chef-client.geekrainy.local Creating a new client identity for chef-client.geekrainy.local using the validator key.
chef-client.geekrainy.local resolving cookbooks for run list: []
chef-client.geekrainy.local Synchronizing Cookbooks:
chef-client.geekrainy.local Installing Cookbook Gems:
chef-client.geekrainy.local Compiling Cookbooks...
chef-client.geekrainy.local [2017-12-26T10:13:45+08:00] WARN: Node chef-client.geekrainy.local has an empty run list.
chef-client.geekrainy.local Converging 0 resources
chef-client.geekrainy.local
chef-client.geekrainy.local Running handlers:
chef-client.geekrainy.local Running handlers complete
chef-client.geekrainy.local Chef Client finished, 0/0 resources updated in 20 seconds

上述输出证明节点已经配置完毕,验证:

knife node list

返回如下结果:

chef-client.geekrainy.local

查看该节点的详情:

[root@chef-dk chef-repo]# knife client show chef-client.geekrainy.local
admin: false
chef_type: client
name: chef-client.geekrainy.local
validator: false

参考

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