前言
最近在学习PaddlePaddle在各个显卡驱动版本的安装和使用,所以同时也学习如何在Ubuntu安装和卸载CUDA和CUDNN,在学习过程中,顺便记录学习过程。在供大家学习的同时,也在加强自己的记忆。本文章以卸载CUDA 8.0 和 CUDNN 7.05 为例,以安装CUDA 10.0 和 CUDNN 7.4.2 为例。
安装显卡驱动
禁用nouveau驱动
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sudo vim /etc/modprobe .d /blacklist .conf
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在文本最后添加:
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blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
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然后执行:
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sudo update-initramfs -u
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重启后,执行以下命令,如果没有屏幕输出,说明禁用nouveau成功:
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lsmod | grep nouveau
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下载驱动
官网下载地址:https://www.nvidia.cn/Download/index.aspx?lang=cn,根据自己显卡的情况下载对应版本的显卡驱动,比如笔者的显卡是RTX2070:
下载完成之后会得到一个安装包,不同版本文件名可能不一样:
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NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-410.93.run
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卸载旧驱动
以下操作都需要在命令界面操作,执行以下快捷键进入命令界面,并登录:
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Ctrl-Alt+F1
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执行以下命令禁用X-Window服务,否则无法安装显卡驱动:
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sudo service lightdm stop
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执行以下三条命令卸载原有显卡驱动:
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sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia*
sudo chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-410.93.run
sudo . /NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-410 .93.run --uninstall
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安装新驱动
直接执行驱动文件即可安装新驱动,一直默认即可:
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sudo . /NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-410 .93.run
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执行以下命令启动X-Window服务
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sudo service lightdm start
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最后执行重启命令,重启系统即可:
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reboot
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注意: 如果系统重启之后出现重复登录的情况,多数情况下都是安装了错误版本的显卡驱动。需要下载对应本身机器安装的显卡版本。
卸载CUDA
为什么一开始我就要卸载CUDA呢,这是因为笔者是换了显卡RTX2070,原本就安装了CUDA 8.0 和 CUDNN 7.0.5不能够正常使用,笔者需要安装CUDA 10.0 和 CUDNN 7.4.2,所以要先卸载原来的CUDA。注意以下的命令都是在root用户下操作的。
卸载CUDA很简单,一条命令就可以了,主要执行的是CUDA自带的卸载脚本,读者要根据自己的cuda版本找到卸载脚本:
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sudo /usr/local/cuda-8 .0 /bin/uninstall_cuda_8 .0.pl
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卸载之后,还有一些残留的文件夹,之前安装的是CUDA 8.0。可以一并删除:
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sudo rm -rf /usr/local/cuda-8 .0/
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这样就算卸载完了CUDA。
安装CUDA
安装的CUDA和CUDNN版本:
- CUDA 10.0
- CUDNN 7.4.2
接下来的安装步骤都是在root用户下操作的。
下载和安装CUDA
我们可以在官网:CUDA10下载页面,
下载符合自己系统版本的CUDA。页面如下:
下载完成之后,给文件赋予执行权限:
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chmod +x cuda_10.0.130_410.48_linux.run
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执行安装包,开始安装:
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. /cuda_10 .0.130_410.48_linux.run
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开始安装之后,需要阅读说明,可以使用Ctrl + C
直接阅读完成,或者使用空格键
慢慢阅读。然后进行配置,我这里说明一下:
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(是否同意条款,必须同意才能继续安装)
accept/decline/quit: accept
(这里不要安装驱动,因为已经安装最新的驱动了,否则可能会安装旧版本的显卡驱动,导致重复登录的情况)
Install NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 410.48?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: n
Install the CUDA 10.0 Toolkit?(是否安装CUDA 10 ,这里必须要安装)
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: y
Enter Toolkit Location(安装路径,使用默认,直接回车就行)
[ default is /usr/local/cuda-10.0 ]:
Do you want to install a symbolic link at /usr/local/cuda?(同意创建软链接)
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: y
Install the CUDA 10.0 Samples?(不用安装测试,本身就有了)
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: n
Installing the CUDA Toolkit in /usr/local/cuda-10.0 ...(开始安装)
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安装完成之后,可以配置他们的环境变量,在vim ~/.bashrc
的最后加上以下配置信息:
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export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda-10.0
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${CUDA_HOME}/lib64
export PATH=${CUDA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
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最后使用命令source ~/.bashrc
使它生效。
可以使用命令nvcc -V
查看安装的版本信息:
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test@test:~$ nvcc -V
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2018 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Sat_Aug_25_21:08:01_CDT_2018
Cuda compilation tools, release 10.0, V10.0.130
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测试安装是否成功
执行以下几条命令:
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cd /usr/local/cuda-10 .0 /samples/1_Utilities/deviceQuery
make
. /deviceQuery
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正常情况下输出:
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./deviceQuery Starting...
CUDA Device Query (Runtime API) version (CUDART static linking)
Detected 1 CUDA Capable device(s)
Device 0: "GeForce RTX 2070"
CUDA Driver Version / Runtime Version 10.0 / 10.0
CUDA Capability Major/Minor version number: 7.5
Total amount of global memory: 7950 MBytes (8335982592 bytes)
(36) Multiprocessors, ( 64) CUDA Cores/MP: 2304 CUDA Cores
GPU Max Clock rate: 1620 MHz (1.62 GHz)
Memory Clock rate: 7001 Mhz
Memory Bus Width: 256-bit
L2 Cache Size: 4194304 bytes
Maximum Texture Dimension Size (x,y,z) 1D=(131072), 2D=(131072, 65536), 3D=(16384, 16384, 16384)
Maximum Layered 1D Texture Size, (num) layers 1D=(32768), 2048 layers
Maximum Layered 2D Texture Size, (num) layers 2D=(32768, 32768), 2048 layers
Total amount of constant memory: 65536 bytes
Total amount of shared memory per block: 49152 bytes
Total number of registers available per block: 65536
Warp size: 32
Maximum number of threads per multiprocessor: 1024
Maximum number of threads per block: 1024
Max dimension size of a thread block (x,y,z): (1024, 1024, 64)
Max dimension size of a grid size (x,y,z): (2147483647, 65535, 65535)
Maximum memory pitch: 2147483647 bytes
Texture alignment: 512 bytes
Concurrent copy and kernel execution: Yes with 3 copy engine(s)
Run time limit on kernels: Yes
Integrated GPU sharing Host Memory: No
Support host page-locked memory mapping: Yes
Alignment requirement for Surfaces: Yes
Device has ECC support: Disabled
Device supports Unified Addressing (UVA): Yes
Device supports Compute Preemption: Yes
Supports Cooperative Kernel Launch: Yes
Supports MultiDevice Co-op Kernel Launch: Yes
Device PCI Domain ID / Bus ID / location ID: 0 / 1 / 0
Compute Mode:
< Default (multiple host threads can use ::cudaSetDevice() with device simultaneously) >
deviceQuery, CUDA Driver = CUDART, CUDA Driver Version = 10.0, CUDA Runtime Version = 10.0, NumDevs = 1
Result = PASS
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下载和安装CUDNN
进入到CUDNN的下载官网:https://developer.nvidia.com/rdp/cudnn-download,然点击Download开始选择下载版本,当然在下载之前还有登录,选择版本界面如下,我们选择cuDNN Library for Linux
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下载之后是一个压缩包,如下:
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cudnn-10.0-linux-x64-v7.4.2.24.tgz
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然后对它进行解压,命令如下:
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tar -zxvf cudnn-10.0-linux-x64-v7.4.2.24.tgz
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解压之后可以得到以下文件:
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cuda /include/cudnn .h
cuda /NVIDIA_SLA_cuDNN_Support .txt
cuda /lib64/libcudnn .so
cuda /lib64/libcudnn .so.7
cuda /lib64/libcudnn .so.7.4.2
cuda /lib64/libcudnn_static .a
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使用以下两条命令复制这些文件到CUDA目录下:
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cp cuda /lib64/ * /usr/local/cuda-10 .0 /lib64/
cp cuda /include/ * /usr/local/cuda-10 .0 /include/
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拷贝完成之后,可以使用以下命令查看CUDNN的版本信息:
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cat /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn .h | grep CUDNN_MAJOR -A 2
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测试安装结果
到这里就已经完成了CUDA 10 和 CUDNN 7.4.2 的安装。可以安装对应的Pytorch的GPU版本测试是否可以正常使用了。安装如下:
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pip3 install https: / / download.pytorch.org / whl / cu100 / torch - 1.0 . 0 - cp35 - cp35m - linux_x86_64.whl
pip3 install torchvision
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然后使用以下的程序测试安装情况:
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import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
import torch.backends.cudnn as cudnn
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__( self ):
super (Net, self ).__init__()
self .conv1 = nn.Conv2d( 1 , 10 , kernel_size = 5 )
self .conv2 = nn.Conv2d( 10 , 20 , kernel_size = 5 )
self .conv2_drop = nn.Dropout2d()
self .fc1 = nn.Linear( 320 , 50 )
self .fc2 = nn.Linear( 50 , 10 )
def forward( self , x):
x = F.relu(F.max_pool2d( self .conv1(x), 2 ))
x = F.relu(F.max_pool2d( self .conv2_drop( self .conv2(x)), 2 ))
x = x.view( - 1 , 320 )
x = F.relu( self .fc1(x))
x = F.dropout(x, training = self .training)
x = self .fc2(x)
return F.log_softmax(x, dim = 1 )
def train(model, device, train_loader, optimizer, epoch):
model.train()
for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate (train_loader):
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
optimizer.zero_grad()
output = model(data)
loss = F.nll_loss(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
if batch_idx % 10 = = 0 :
print ( 'Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}' . format (
epoch, batch_idx * len (data), len (train_loader.dataset),
100. * batch_idx / len (train_loader), loss.item()))
def main():
cudnn.benchmark = True
torch.manual_seed( 1 )
device = torch.device( "cuda" )
kwargs = { 'num_workers' : 1 , 'pin_memory' : True }
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
datasets.MNIST( '../data' , train = True , download = True ,
transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize(( 0.1307 ,), ( 0.3081 ,))
])),
batch_size = 64 , shuffle = True , * * kwargs)
model = Net().to(device)
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr = 0.01 , momentum = 0.5 )
for epoch in range ( 1 , 11 ):
train(model, device, train_loader, optimizer, epoch)
if __name__ = = '__main__' :
main()
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如果正常输出一下以下信息,证明已经安装成了:
Train Epoch: 1 [0/60000 (0%)] Loss: 2.365850
Train Epoch: 1 [640/60000 (1%)] Loss: 2.305295
Train Epoch: 1 [1280/60000 (2%)] Loss: 2.301407
Train Epoch: 1 [1920/60000 (3%)] Loss: 2.316538
Train Epoch: 1 [2560/60000 (4%)] Loss: 2.255809
Train Epoch: 1 [3200/60000 (5%)] Loss: 2.224511
Train Epoch: 1 [3840/60000 (6%)] Loss: 2.216569
Train Epoch: 1 [4480/60000 (7%)] Loss: 2.181396
参考资料
https://www.cnblogs.com/luofeel/p/8654964.html
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33200967/article/details/80689543