在前面的学习中，配置文件中的<http>...</http>都是采用的auto-config="true"这种自动配置模式，根据Spring Security文档的说明:
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
auto-config Automatically registers a login form, BASIC authentication, logout services. If set to "true", all of these capabilities are added (although you can still customize the configuration of each by providing the respective element).
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
可以理解为:
<http>
<form-login />
<http-basic />
<logout />
</http>
下面是Spring Security Filter Chain的列表:
| Alias | Filter Class | Namespace Element or Attribute |
|---|---|---|
|
CHANNEL_FILTER |
|
|
|
SECURITY_CONTEXT_FILTER |
|
|
|
CONCURRENT_SESSION_FILTER |
|
|
|
HEADERS_FILTER |
|
|
|
CSRF_FILTER |
|
|
|
LOGOUT_FILTER |
|
|
|
X509_FILTER |
|
|
|
PRE_AUTH_FILTER |
|
N/A |
|
CAS_FILTER |
|
N/A |
|
FORM_LOGIN_FILTER |
|
|
|
BASIC_AUTH_FILTER |
|
|
|
SERVLET_API_SUPPORT_FILTER |
|
|
|
JAAS_API_SUPPORT_FILTER |
|
|
|
REMEMBER_ME_FILTER |
|
|
|
ANONYMOUS_FILTER |
|
|
|
SESSION_MANAGEMENT_FILTER |
|
|
|
EXCEPTION_TRANSLATION_FILTER |
|
|
|
FILTER_SECURITY_INTERCEPTOR |
|
|
|
SWITCH_USER_FILTER |
|
N/A |
其中红色标出的二个Filter对应的是 “注销、登录”，如果不使用auto-config=true，开发人员可以自行“重写”这二个Filter来达到类似的目的，比如：默认情况下，登录表单必须使用post方式提交，在一些安全性相对不那么高的场景中（比如：企业内网应用），如果希望通过类似 http://xxx/login?username=abc&password=123的方式直接登录，可以参考下面的代码：
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; //import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationServiceException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter; public class CustomLoginFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter { public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException { // if (!request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
// throw new AuthenticationServiceException(
// "Authentication method not supported: "
// + request.getMethod());
// } String username = obtainUsername(request).toUpperCase().trim();
String password = obtainPassword(request); UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
username, password); setDetails(request, authRequest);
return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
} }
即：从UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter继承一个类，然后把关于POST方式判断的代码注释掉即可。默认情况下，Spring Security的用户名是区分大小写，如果觉得没必要，上面的代码同时还演示了如何在Filter中自动将其转换成大写。
默认情况下，登录成功后，Spring Security有自己的handler处理类，如果想在登录成功后，加一点自己的处理逻辑，可参考下面的代码：
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler; public class CustomLoginHandler extends
SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler { @Override
public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication)
throws ServletException, IOException {
super.onAuthenticationSuccess(request, response, authentication); //这里可以追加开发人员自己的额外处理
System.out
.println("CustomLoginHandler.onAuthenticationSuccess() is called!");
} }
类似的，要自定义LogoutFilter，可参考下面的代码：
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutHandler;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutSuccessHandler; public class CustomLogoutFilter extends LogoutFilter { public CustomLogoutFilter(String logoutSuccessUrl, LogoutHandler[] handlers) {
super(logoutSuccessUrl, handlers);
} public CustomLogoutFilter(LogoutSuccessHandler logoutSuccessHandler,
LogoutHandler[] handlers) {
super(logoutSuccessHandler, handlers);
} }
即：从LogoutFilter继承一个类，如果还想在退出后加点自己的逻辑（比如注销后，清空额外的Cookie之类\记录退出时间、地点之类），可重写doFilter方法，但不建议这样，有更好的做法，自行定义logoutSuccessHandler，然后在运行时，通过构造函数注入即可。
下面是自定义退出成功处理的handler示例：
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutHandler; public class CustomLogoutHandler implements LogoutHandler { public CustomLogoutHandler() {
} @Override
public void logout(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication) {
System.out.println("CustomLogoutSuccessHandler.logout() is called!"); } }
这二个Filter弄好后，剩下的就是改配置:
<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd"> <http entry-point-ref="loginEntryPoint">
<!-- 替换默认的LogoutFilter -->
<custom-filter ref="customLogoutFilter" position="LOGOUT_FILTER" />
<!-- 替换默认的LoginFilter -->
<custom-filter ref="customLoginFilter" position="FORM_LOGIN_FILTER" />
<intercept-url pattern="/admin" access="ROLE_USER" />
</http> <authentication-manager alias="authenticationManager">
...
</authentication-manager> <beans:bean id="loginEntryPoint"
class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.LoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint">
<!-- 默认登录页的url -->
<beans:constructor-arg value="/login" />
</beans:bean> <beans:bean id="customLoginFilter" class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.CustomLoginFilter">
<!-- 校验登录是否有效的虚拟url -->
<beans:property name="filterProcessesUrl" value="/checklogin" />
<beans:property name="authenticationManager" ref="authenticationManager" />
<beans:property name="usernameParameter" value="username" />
<beans:property name="passwordParameter" value="password" />
<beans:property name="authenticationSuccessHandler">
<!-- 自定义登录成功后的处理handler -->
<beans:bean class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.CustomLoginHandler">
<!-- 登录成功后的默认url -->
<beans:property name="defaultTargetUrl" value="/welcome" />
</beans:bean>
</beans:property>
<beans:property name="authenticationFailureHandler">
<beans:bean
class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SimpleUrlAuthenticationFailureHandler">
<!-- 登录失败后的默认Url -->
<beans:property name="defaultFailureUrl" value="/login?error" />
</beans:bean>
</beans:property>
</beans:bean> <beans:bean id="customLogoutFilter" class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.CustomLogoutFilter">
<!-- 处理退出的虚拟url -->
<beans:property name="filterProcessesUrl" value="/logout" />
<!-- 退出处理成功后的默认显示url -->
<beans:constructor-arg index="0" value="/login?logout" />
<beans:constructor-arg index="1">
<!-- 退出成功后的handler列表 -->
<beans:array>
<beans:bean id="securityContextLogoutHandler"
class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.SecurityContextLogoutHandler" />
<!-- 加入了开发人员自定义的退出成功处理 -->
<beans:bean id="customLogoutSuccessHandler" class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.CustomLogoutHandler" />
</beans:array>
</beans:constructor-arg>
</beans:bean> </beans:beans>
用户输入“用户名、密码”，并点击完登录后，最终实现校验的是AuthenticationProvider，而且一个webApp中可以同时使用多个Provider，下面是一个自定义Provider的示例代码:
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection; import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; public class CustomAuthenticationProvider extends
AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider { @Override
protected void additionalAuthenticationChecks(UserDetails userDetails,
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication)
throws AuthenticationException {
//如果想做点额外的检查,可以在这个方法里处理,校验不通时,直接抛异常即可
System.out
.println("CustomAuthenticationProvider.additionalAuthenticationChecks() is called!");
} @Override
protected UserDetails retrieveUser(String username,
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication)
throws AuthenticationException { System.out
.println("CustomAuthenticationProvider.retrieveUser() is called!"); String[] whiteLists = new String[] { "ADMIN", "SUPERVISOR", "JIMMY" }; // 如果用户在白名单里,直接放行(注:仅仅只是演示,千万不要在实际项目中这么干!)
if (Arrays.asList(whiteLists).contains(username)) {
Collection<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>();
authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_USER"));
UserDetails user = new User(username, "whatever", authorities);
return user;
} return new User(username, "no-password", false, false, false, false,
new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>()); } }
这里仅仅只是出于演示目的，人为留了一个后门，只要用户名在白名单之列，不管输入什么密码，都可以通过！（再次提示：只是出于演示目的，千万不要在实际项目中使用）
相关的配置节点修改如下：
<authentication-manager alias="authenticationManager">
<authentication-provider>
<user-service>
<user name="yjmyzz" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_USER" />
</user-service>
</authentication-provider>
<!-- 加入开发人员自定义的Provider -->
<authentication-provider ref="customProvider" />
</authentication-manager> <beans:bean id="customProvider"
class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.CustomAuthenticationProvider" />
运行时，Spring Security将会按照顺序，依次从上向下调用所有Provider，只要任何一个Provider校验通过，整个认证将通过。这也意味着：用户yjmyzz/123456以及白名单中的用户名均可以登录系统。这是一件很有意思的事情，试想一下，如果有二个现成的系统，各有自己的用户名/密码(包括不同的存储机制)，想把他们集成在一个登录页面使用，技术上讲，只要实现二个Provider各自对应不同的处理，可以很轻易的实现多个系统的认证集成。（注：当然实际应用中，多个系统的认证集成，更多的是采用SSO来处理，这里只是提供了另一种思路）
最后来看下如何自定义AuthenticationToken，如果我们想在登录页上加一些额外的输入项（比如：验证码，安全问题之类），
为了能让这些额外添加的输入项，传递到Provider中参与验证，就需要对UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken进行扩展，参考代码如下：
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken; public class CustomAuthenticationToken extends
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken { private static final long serialVersionUID = 5414106440823275021L; public CustomAuthenticationToken(String principal, String credentials,
Integer questionId, String answer) {
super(principal, credentials);
this.answer = answer;
this.questionId = questionId;
} private String answer;
private Integer questionId; public String getAnswer() {
return answer;
} public void setAnswer(String answer) {
this.answer = answer;
} public Integer getQuestionId() {
return questionId;
} public void setQuestionId(Integer questionId) {
this.questionId = questionId;
} }
这里扩展了二个属性：questionId、answer，为了方便后面“诗句问题"的回答进行判断，还得先做点其它准备工作
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz;
import java.util.Hashtable;
public class LoginQuestion {
private static Hashtable<Integer, String> questionTable = new Hashtable<Integer, String>();
public static Hashtable<Integer, String> getQuestions() {
if (questionTable.size() <= 0) {
questionTable.put(1, "葡萄美酒夜光杯/欲饮琵琶马上催");
questionTable.put(2, "故人西辞黄鹤楼/烟花三月下扬州");
questionTable.put(3, "孤帆远影碧空尽/唯见长江天际流");
questionTable.put(4, "相见时难别亦难/东风无力百花残");
questionTable.put(5, "渔翁夜傍西岩宿/晓汲清湘燃楚竹");
}
return questionTable;
}
}
预定义了几句唐诗，key即为questionId，value为 "题目/答案"格式。此外，如果答错了，为了方便向用户提示错误原因，还要定义一个异常类：（注：Spring Security中，所有验证失败，都是通过直接抛异常来处理的）
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
public class BadAnswerException extends AuthenticationException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3333012976129153127L;
public BadAnswerException(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
}
原来的CustomLoginFilter也要相应的修改，以接收额外添加的二个参数：
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter; public class CustomLoginFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter { public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException { //解决中文诗句的post乱码问题
try {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} // if (!request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
// throw new AuthenticationServiceException(
// "Authentication method not supported: "
// + request.getMethod());
// } String username = obtainUsername(request).toUpperCase().trim();
String password = obtainPassword(request);
//获取用户输入的下一句答案
String answer = obtainAnswer(request);
//获取问题Id(即: hashTable的key)
Integer questionId = obtainQuestionId(request); //这里将原来的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken换成我们自定义的CustomAuthenticationToken
CustomAuthenticationToken authRequest = new CustomAuthenticationToken(
username, password, questionId, answer); //这里就将token传到后续验证环节了
setDetails(request, authRequest);
return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
} protected String obtainAnswer(HttpServletRequest request) {
return request.getParameter(answerParameter);
} protected Integer obtainQuestionId(HttpServletRequest request) {
return Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter(questionIdParameter));
} private String questionIdParameter = "questionId";
private String answerParameter = "answer"; public String getQuestionIdParameter() {
return questionIdParameter;
} public void setQuestionIdParameter(String questionIdParameter) {
this.questionIdParameter = questionIdParameter;
} public String getAnswerParameter() {
return answerParameter;
} public void setAnswerParameter(String answerParameter) {
this.answerParameter = answerParameter;
} }
现在，CustomAuthenticationProvider中的additionalAuthenticationChecks方法中，就能拿到用户提交的下一句答案，进行相关验证了：
@Override
protected void additionalAuthenticationChecks(UserDetails userDetails,
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication)
throws AuthenticationException {
// 转换为自定义的token
CustomAuthenticationToken token = (CustomAuthenticationToken) authentication;
String poem = LoginQuestion.getQuestions().get(token.getQuestionId());
// 校验下一句的答案是否正确
if (!poem.split("/")[1].equals(token.getAnswer())) {
throw new BadAnswerException("the answer is wrong!");
} }
最后来处理前端的login页面及Action
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz; import java.util.Random; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.LockedException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller
public class HelloController { @RequestMapping(value = { "/", "/welcome" }, method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView welcome() { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
model.addObject("title",
"Welcome - Spring Security Custom login/logout Filter");
model.addObject("message", "This is welcome page!");
model.setViewName("hello");
return model; } @RequestMapping(value = "/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView admin() { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
model.addObject("title",
"Admin - Spring Security Custom login/logout Filter");
model.addObject("message", "This is protected page!");
model.setViewName("admin"); return model; } @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView login(
@RequestParam(value = "error", required = false) String error,
@RequestParam(value = "logout", required = false) String logout,
HttpServletRequest request) { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
if (error != null) {
model.addObject("error",
getErrorMessage(request, "SPRING_SECURITY_LAST_EXCEPTION"));
} if (logout != null) {
model.addObject("msg", "You've been logged out successfully.");
} //从预定义的诗句中,随机挑一个上句
Random rnd = new Random();
int questionId = rnd.nextInt(LoginQuestion.getQuestions().size() + 1);
if (questionId == 0) {
questionId = 1;
}
model.addObject("questionId", questionId);
model.addObject("question", LoginQuestion.getQuestions()
.get(questionId).split("/")[0]); model.setViewName("login"); return model; } private String getErrorMessage(HttpServletRequest request, String key) {
Exception exception = (Exception) request.getSession()
.getAttribute(key);
String error = "";
if (exception instanceof BadCredentialsException) {
error = "Invalid username and password!";
} else if (exception instanceof BadAnswerException) {
error = exception.getMessage();
} else if (exception instanceof LockedException) {
error = exception.getMessage();
} else {
error = "Invalid username and password!";
} return error;
} }
代码很简单，从预定义的诗句中，随机挑一句，并把questionId及question放到model中，传给view
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Login Page</title>
<link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/resources/css/login.css" />
</head>
<body onload='document.loginForm.username.focus();'>
<h1>Spring Security CustomFilter(XML)</h1> <div id="login-box"> <c:if test="${not empty error}">
<div class="error">${error}</div>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${not empty msg}">
<div class="msg">${msg}</div>
</c:if>
<form name='loginForm' action="<c:url value='checklogin' />"
method='POST'>
<table>
<tr>
<td>User:</td>
<td><input type='text' name='username' value=''></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Password:</td>
<td><input type='password' name='password' /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Question:</td>
<td>诗句<span style="color:red">"${question}"</span><br/>的下一句是什么?<br /> <input type='text'
name='answer' value=''>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan='2'><input name="submit" type="submit"
value="submit" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
<input type="hidden" name="${_csrf.parameterName}"
value="${_csrf.token}" /> <input type="hidden" name="questionId"
value="${questionId}" />
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
ok，完工！
不过，有一个小问题要提醒一下：对本文所示案例而言，因为同时应用了二个Provider，一个是默认的，一个是我们后来自定义的，而对＂下一句＂的答案验证，只在CustomAuthenticationProvider中做了处理，换句话说，如果用户在界面上输入的用户名/密码是yjmyzz/123456，根据前面讲到的规则，默认的Provider会先起作用，认证通过直接忽略”下一句“的验证，只有输入白名单中的用户名时，才会走CustomAuthenticationProvider的验证流程。
国际惯例，最后附上示例源代码：SpringSecurity-CustomFilter.zip