真正意义上的spring环境中的单元测试方案spring-test与mokito完美结合

真正意义上的spring环境中的单元测试方案spring-test与mokito完美结合

博客分类：
• java 测试

单元测试SpringCC++C# 

一.要解决的问题：
    spring环境中单元测试其实不是真正意义上的单元测试，真正意义上的单元测试应该是隔离所有的依赖，对当前业务实现业务逻辑测试；但是目前spring好像还没提供这样的解决方案，只能做依赖于环境的集成测试。比如：要测试A类，但是A类依赖B类和C类，这个时候我们必须保证B和C是完整的且是相对稳定的没太多bug的类.但是实际开发过程中，C类和B类可能是对数据库操作的Dao层或是对外接口层，这个时候我们在测试A类的时候业务B和C的环境或B或C都现在还没开发完成只是一个接口定义完成,这个时候就很难完成我们A类的测试了。



二.解决方案:
   为了解决这个问题我们必须在测试的时候忽略B和C类，换句话说就是假象B和C都是可以运行或按我们预期返回结果的运行。我们利用mockito来掩饰我们测试类的所有的依赖。这样我们需要做到两点1.我们可以让B和C可以控制返回预期；2.B和C必须注入到spring中替换我们的测试类的依赖.

1. /**
2. * 类SayServiceTests.java的实现描述：Mock demo
3. *
4. * @author hujf 2011-3-2 下午02:04:08
5. */
6. @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/applicationContext.xml" })
7. @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
8. @TestExecutionListeners({ org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionAsMockitoTestExecutionListener.class })
9. public class SayServiceTest {
10. @Mock
11. public SayDao     sayDao;
12. @Autowired
13. public SayService sayService; // TODO 暂时用实现类
14. @Test
15. public void testSay() {
16. // 1.设置预期行为 void
17. when(sayDao.sayTo(null)).thenReturn("3");
18. // 2.验证
19. assertTrue(sayService.sayTo(null).equals("3"));
20. }
21. public SayDao getSayDao() {
22. return sayDao;
23. }
24. public void setSayDao(SayDao sayDao) {
25. this.sayDao = sayDao;
26. }
27. public SayService getSayService() {
28. return sayService;
29. }
30. public void setSayService(SayService sayService) {
31. this.sayService = sayService;
32. }
33. @Test
34. public void testSayTo() {
35. System.out.println("testSayTo...");
36. // 1.设置预期行为
37. when(sayDao.sayTo(any(Person.class))).thenAnswer(new Answer() {
38. @Override
39. public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
40. Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
41. // SayDao mock = (SayDao)invocation.getMock(); //Object mock = invocation.getMock();
42. if (null != args && args.length > 0) {
43. Person person = (Person) args[0];
44. return person.getName();
45. }
46. return null;
47. }
48. });
49. // 2.验证
50. Person person = new Person();
51. person.setId(11);
52. person.setName("Leifeng");
53. String s = sayService.sayTo(person);
54. System.out.println(s);
55. assertSame("Leifeng", s);
56. }
57. @Test
58. public void testSaySomething() {
59. System.out.println("testSaySomething...");
60. // 1.设置预期行为
61. when(sayDao.saySomething(anyString(), any(Person.class), anyString())).thenAnswer(new Answer<String>() {
62. @Override
63. public String answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
64. Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
65. if (null != args && args.length > 0) {
66. String hello = (String) args[0];
67. Person person = (Person) args[1];
68. String msg = (String) args[2];
69. return hello + "," + person.getName() + "(" + person.getId() + ")" + ":" + msg;
70. // SayDao dao = new SayDaoImpl();
71. // return dao.saySomething(hello, person, msg);
72. }
73. return null;
74. }
75. });
76. // 2.验证
77. Person person = new Person();
78. person.setId(12);
79. person.setName("Leifeng");
80. String s = sayService.saySomething("Welcome", person, "handsome guy!");
81. System.out.println(s);
82. assertNotNull(s);
83. }
84. @Test
85. public void testQueryPerson() {
86. // 1.预置预期行为
87. List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
88. // 初始化List《Person》
89. for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
90. Person person = new Person();
91. person.setId(i + 1);
92. person.setName("name" + i);
93. personList.add(person);
94. }
95. when(sayDao.queryPerson(any(Person.class))).thenReturn(personList);
96. // 2.验证
97. Person query = new Person();
98. query.setId(13);
99. query.setName("Leifeng");
100. List<Person> list = sayService.queryPerson(query);
101. assertTrue(10 == list.size());
102. // 重要（根据具体业务设计）
103. assertTrue(3 == list.get(3).getFlag());
104. }
105. }

/**

* 类SayServiceTests.java的实现描述：Mock demo

*

* @author hujf 2011-3-2 下午02:04:08

*/

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/applicationContext.xml" })

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@TestExecutionListeners({ org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionAsMockitoTestExecutionListener.class })

public class SayServiceTest {

    @Mock

    public SayDao     sayDao;

    @Autowired

    public SayService sayService; // TODO 暂时用实现类

    @Test

    public void testSay() {

        // 1.设置预期行为 void

        when(sayDao.sayTo(null)).thenReturn("3");

        // 2.验证

        assertTrue(sayService.sayTo(null).equals("3"));

    }

    public SayDao getSayDao() {

        return sayDao;

    }

    public void setSayDao(SayDao sayDao) {

        this.sayDao = sayDao;

    }

    public SayService getSayService() {

        return sayService;

    }

    public void setSayService(SayService sayService) {

        this.sayService = sayService;

    }

    @Test

    public void testSayTo() {

        System.out.println("testSayTo...");

        // 1.设置预期行为

        when(sayDao.sayTo(any(Person.class))).thenAnswer(new Answer() {

            @Override

            public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {

                Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();

                // SayDao mock = (SayDao)invocation.getMock(); //Object mock = invocation.getMock();

                if (null != args && args.length > 0) {

                    Person person = (Person) args[0];

                    return person.getName();

                }

                return null;

            }

        });

        // 2.验证

        Person person = new Person();

        person.setId(11);

        person.setName("Leifeng");

        String s = sayService.sayTo(person);

        System.out.println(s);

        assertSame("Leifeng", s);

    }

    @Test

    public void testSaySomething() {

        System.out.println("testSaySomething...");

        // 1.设置预期行为

        when(sayDao.saySomething(anyString(), any(Person.class), anyString())).thenAnswer(new Answer<String>() {

            @Override

            public String answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {

                Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();

                if (null != args && args.length > 0) {

                    String hello = (String) args[0];

                    Person person = (Person) args[1];

                    String msg = (String) args[2];

                    return hello + "," + person.getName() + "(" + person.getId() + ")" + ":" + msg;

                    // SayDao dao = new SayDaoImpl();

                    // return dao.saySomething(hello, person, msg);

                }

                return null;

            }

        });

        // 2.验证

        Person person = new Person();

        person.setId(12);

        person.setName("Leifeng");

        String s = sayService.saySomething("Welcome", person, "handsome guy!");

        System.out.println(s);

        assertNotNull(s);

    }

    @Test

    public void testQueryPerson() {

        // 1.预置预期行为

        List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();

        // 初始化List《Person》

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

            Person person = new Person();

            person.setId(i + 1);

            person.setName("name" + i);

            personList.add(person);

        }

        when(sayDao.queryPerson(any(Person.class))).thenReturn(personList);

        // 2.验证

        Person query = new Person();

        query.setId(13);

        query.setName("Leifeng");

        List<Person> list = sayService.queryPerson(query);

        assertTrue(10 == list.size());

        // 重要（根据具体业务设计）

        assertTrue(3 == list.get(3).getFlag());

    }

}

DependencyInjectionAsMockitoTestExecutionListener类是在spring-test中的DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener基础上扩展的一个结合mock的测试监听器。我们在测试的时候可以用注解TestExecutionListeners指定这个监听器来实现单元测试

1. package org.springframework.test.context.support;
2. import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
3. import java.lang.reflect.Field;
4. import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
5. import java.lang.reflect.Method;
6. import java.util.ArrayList;
7. import java.util.List;
8. import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
9. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
10. import org.springframework.test.context.TestContext;
11. /**
12. * @author yanglin lv
13. */
14. public class DependencyInjectionAsMockitoTestExecutionListener extends DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener {
15. private static String SETTER = "set";
16. private static String GETTER = "get";
17. @Override
18. protected void injectDependencies(final TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
19. super.injectDependencies(testContext);
20. Object bean = testContext.getTestInstance();
21. Class[] mockClass = getMockClass(bean.getClass());
22. Method[] methods = bean.getClass().getDeclaredMethods();
23. Class clz = bean.getClass();
24. Object instance = null;
25. List<MockObjectMap> objs = new ArrayList<MockObjectMap>();
26. autowireMockBean(clz, bean, objs);
27. List<Object> stubObjs = getStubInstance(clz, bean);
28. autowireMockBeanForSpring(stubObjs, objs);
29. }
30. private void autowireMockBeanForSpring(List<Object> stubObjs, List<MockObjectMap> objs)
31. throws IllegalArgumentException,
32. IllegalAccessException,
33. InvocationTargetException {
34. for (Object object : stubObjs) {
35. Class claz = object.getClass();
36. do {
37. for (Method method : claz.getDeclaredMethods()) {
38. if (method.getName().startsWith(SETTER)) {
39. for (MockObjectMap mockObjectMap : objs) {
40. Object obj = method.getGenericParameterTypes()[0];
41. if (obj instanceof java.lang.reflect.Type
42. && mockObjectMap.getType().getName().equalsIgnoreCase(((Class) obj).getName())) {
43. method.invoke(object, mockObjectMap.getObj());
44. continue;
45. }
46. }
47. }
48. }
49. claz = claz.getSuperclass();
50. } while (!claz.equals(Object.class));
51. }
52. }
53. private void autowireMockBean(Class clz, Object bean, List<MockObjectMap> objs) throws IllegalArgumentException,
54. IllegalAccessException {
55. for (Field field : clz.getFields()) {
56. Annotation[] mockAnnotations = field.getAnnotations();
57. for (Annotation annotation : mockAnnotations) {
58. if (annotation instanceof org.mockito.Mock) {
59. MockObjectMap mockObjectMap = new MockObjectMap();
60. objs.add(mockObjectMap);
61. mockObjectMap.setType(field.getType());
62. mockObjectMap.setObj(mock(field.getType()));
63. field.setAccessible(true);
64. field.set(bean, mockObjectMap.getObj());
65. continue;
66. }
67. }
68. }
69. }
70. /**
71. * 取得测试类中所有的mock对象的类型
72. *
73. * @param clazz
74. * @return
75. */
76. private Class[] getMockClass(Class claz) {
77. List<Class> clasList = new ArrayList<Class>();
78. Field[] fields = claz.getDeclaredFields();
79. for (Field field : fields) {
80. Annotation[] mockAnnotations = field.getAnnotations();
81. for (Annotation annotation : mockAnnotations) {
82. if (annotation instanceof org.mockito.Mock) {
83. clasList.add(field.getType());
84. continue;
85. }
86. }
87. }
88. return clasList.toArray(new Class[0]);
89. }
90. /**
91. * 取得测试类中测试桩类
92. *
93. * @param clazz
94. * @return
95. * @throws InvocationTargetException
96. * @throws IllegalAccessException
97. * @throws IllegalArgumentException
98. */
99. private List<Object> getStubInstance(Class clazz, Object bean) throws IllegalArgumentException,
100. IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
101. List<Object> objList = new ArrayList<Object>();
102. Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();// 测试类中所有的域名
103. Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
104. for (Field field : fields) {
105. Annotation[] mockAnnotations = field.getAnnotations();
106. for (Annotation annotation : mockAnnotations) {
107. if (annotation instanceof Autowired) {
108. for (Method method : methods) {
109. String name = field.getName();
110. if (method.getName().startsWith(GETTER) && method.getName().substring(3).equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
111. objList.add(method.invoke(bean, null)); // 将所有的测试桩类放在objList
112. }
113. }
114. }
115. }
116. }
117. return objList;
118. }
119. private class MockObjectMap {
120. private Object   obj;
121. private Class<?> type;
122. public Object getObj() {
123. return obj;
124. }
125. public void setObj(Object obj) {
126. this.obj = obj;
127. }
128. public Class<?> getType() {
129. return type;
130. }
131. public void setType(Class<?> type) {
132. this.type = type;
133. }
134. }
135. }

package org.springframework.test.context.support;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.test.context.TestContext;

/**

* @author yanglin lv

*/

public class DependencyInjectionAsMockitoTestExecutionListener extends DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener {

    private static String SETTER = "set";

    private static String GETTER = "get";

    @Override

    protected void injectDependencies(final TestContext testContext) throws Exception {

        super.injectDependencies(testContext);

        Object bean = testContext.getTestInstance();

        Class[] mockClass = getMockClass(bean.getClass());

        Method[] methods = bean.getClass().getDeclaredMethods();

        Class clz = bean.getClass();

        Object instance = null;

        List<MockObjectMap> objs = new ArrayList<MockObjectMap>();

        autowireMockBean(clz, bean, objs);

        List<Object> stubObjs = getStubInstance(clz, bean);

        autowireMockBeanForSpring(stubObjs, objs);

    }

    private void autowireMockBeanForSpring(List<Object> stubObjs, List<MockObjectMap> objs)

                                                                                           throws IllegalArgumentException,

                                                                                           IllegalAccessException,

                                                                                           InvocationTargetException {

        for (Object object : stubObjs) {

            Class claz = object.getClass();

            do {

                for (Method method : claz.getDeclaredMethods()) {

                    if (method.getName().startsWith(SETTER)) {

                        for (MockObjectMap mockObjectMap : objs) {

                            Object obj = method.getGenericParameterTypes()[0];

                            if (obj instanceof java.lang.reflect.Type

                                && mockObjectMap.getType().getName().equalsIgnoreCase(((Class) obj).getName())) {

                                method.invoke(object, mockObjectMap.getObj());

                                continue;

                            }

                        }

                    }

                }

                claz = claz.getSuperclass();

            } while (!claz.equals(Object.class));

        }

    }

    private void autowireMockBean(Class clz, Object bean, List<MockObjectMap> objs) throws IllegalArgumentException,

                                                                                   IllegalAccessException {

        for (Field field : clz.getFields()) {

            Annotation[] mockAnnotations = field.getAnnotations();

            for (Annotation annotation : mockAnnotations) {

                if (annotation instanceof org.mockito.Mock) {

                    MockObjectMap mockObjectMap = new MockObjectMap();

                    objs.add(mockObjectMap);

                    mockObjectMap.setType(field.getType());

                    mockObjectMap.setObj(mock(field.getType()));

                    field.setAccessible(true);

                    field.set(bean, mockObjectMap.getObj());

                    continue;

                }

            }

        }

    }

    /**

     * 取得测试类中所有的mock对象的类型

     *

     * @param clazz

     * @return

     */

    private Class[] getMockClass(Class claz) {

        List<Class> clasList = new ArrayList<Class>();

        Field[] fields = claz.getDeclaredFields();

        for (Field field : fields) {

            Annotation[] mockAnnotations = field.getAnnotations();

            for (Annotation annotation : mockAnnotations) {

                if (annotation instanceof org.mockito.Mock) {

                    clasList.add(field.getType());

                    continue;

                }

            }

        }

        return clasList.toArray(new Class[0]);

    }

    /**

     * 取得测试类中测试桩类

     *

     * @param clazz

     * @return

     * @throws InvocationTargetException

     * @throws IllegalAccessException

     * @throws IllegalArgumentException

     */

    private List<Object> getStubInstance(Class clazz, Object bean) throws IllegalArgumentException,

                                                                  IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {

        List<Object> objList = new ArrayList<Object>();

        Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();// 测试类中所有的域名

        Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();

        for (Field field : fields) {

            Annotation[] mockAnnotations = field.getAnnotations();

            for (Annotation annotation : mockAnnotations) {

                if (annotation instanceof Autowired) {

                    for (Method method : methods) {

                        String name = field.getName();

                        if (method.getName().startsWith(GETTER) && method.getName().substring(3).equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {

                            objList.add(method.invoke(bean, null)); // 将所有的测试桩类放在objList

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

        return objList;

    }

    private class MockObjectMap {

        private Object   obj;

        private Class<?> type;

        public Object getObj() {

            return obj;

        }

        public void setObj(Object obj) {

            this.obj = obj;

        }

        public Class<?> getType() {

            return type;

        }

        public void setType(Class<?> type) {

            this.type = type;

        }

    }

}

总结：这种方式可以真正的用spring来实现TDD面向接口的测试方案，对依赖的类做到完全屏蔽，对目前测试类和mock类设置期望输出简单实现

来源： <http://lvyanglin.iteye.com/blog/1025956>

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