Scarpy 起始url 自定义代理 自定义去重规则

时间：2023-03-09 03:48:33
Scarpy 起始url 自定义代理 自定义去重规则 
- start_urls

    - 内部原理

            """

            scrapy引擎来爬虫中去起始的URL:

                1. 调用start_requests并获取返回值

                2. v = iter(返回值)

                3.

                    req1 = 执行 v.__next__()

                    req2 = 执行 v.__next__()

                    req3 = 执行 v.__next__()

                    ...

                4.req全部放到调度器中

            """

    - 编写

        class Pc1Spider(scrapy.Spider):

            name = 'pc1'

            allowed_domains = ['chouti.com']

            start_urls = ["https://dig.chouti.com"] #定制:可以去redis中获取

            def start_requests(self):
　　　　　　　　   # 添加内置代理
　　　　　　　　　　"""
　　　　　　　　　　import os
　　　　　　　　　　os.environ["HTTPS_PROXY"] = "https://root:password@192.168.1.3:9999/"
　　　　　　　　　　os.environ["HTTP_PROXY"] = "123.11.12.13"

　　　　　　　　　　"""
 
　　　　　　　　　# 方式一:

                # for url in self.start_urls:

                #        yield Request(url=url)

                # 方式二:

                # req_list = []

                # for url in self.start_urls:

                #     req_list.append(Request(url=url))

                # return req_list

            def parse(self,response):

                pass

自定义代理

import base64

import random

from six.moves.urllib.parse import unquote, urlunparse

try:

    from urllib2 import _parse_proxy

except ImportError:

    from urllib.request import _parse_proxy

from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes

class AqlProxyMiddleware(object):

    def _basic_auth_header(self, username, password):

        user_pass = to_bytes(

            '%s:%s' % (unquote(username), unquote(password)),

            encoding='latin-1')

        return base64.b64encode(user_pass)

    def process_request(self, request, spider):

        PROXIES = [

            "http://root:password@192.168.1.3:9991/",

            "http://root:password@192.168.1.3:9991/",

            "http://root:password@192.168.1.3:9991/",

            "http://root:password@192.168.1.3:9991/",

            "http://root:password@192.168.1.3:9991/",

        ]

        url = random.choice(PROXIES)

        orig_type = ""

        proxt_type, user, password, hostport = _parse_proxy(url)

        proxt_url = urlunparse((proxt_type or orig_type, hostport,'','','',''))

        if user:

            creds = self._basic_auth_header(user,password)

        else:

            creds = None

        request.meta['proxy'] = proxt_url

        if creds :

            request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = b'Basic ' + creds

settings

# -*- coding: utf- -*-

# Scrapy settings for step8_king project

#

# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or

# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:

#

#     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html

#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html

#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

# . 爬虫名称

BOT_NAME = 'step8_king'

# . 爬虫应用路径

SPIDER_MODULES = ['step8_king.spiders']

NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'step8_king.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent

# . 客户端 user-agent请求头

# USER_AGENT = 'step8_king (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules

# . 禁止爬虫配置

# ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: )

# . 并发请求数

# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: )

# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay

# See also autothrottle settings and docs

# . 延迟下载秒数

# DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 

# The download delay setting will honor only one of:

# . 单域名访问并发数，并且延迟下次秒数也应用在每个域名

# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN =

# 单IP访问并发数，如果有值则忽略：CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN，并且延迟下次秒数也应用在每个IP

# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)

# . 是否支持cookie，cookiejar进行操作cookie

# COOKIES_ENABLED = True

# COOKIES_DEBUG = True

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)

# . Telnet用于查看当前爬虫的信息，操作爬虫等...

#    使用telnet ip port ，然后通过命令操作

# TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = True

# TELNETCONSOLE_HOST = '127.0.0.1'

# TELNETCONSOLE_PORT = [,]

# . 默认请求头

# Override the default request headers:

# DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {

#     'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',

#     'Accept-Language': 'en',

# }

# Configure item pipelines

# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

# . 定义pipeline处理请求

# ITEM_PIPELINES = {

#    'step8_king.pipelines.JsonPipeline': ,

#    'step8_king.pipelines.FilePipeline': ,

# }

# . 自定义扩展，基于信号进行调用

# Enable or disable extensions

# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html

# EXTENSIONS = {

#     # 'step8_king.extensions.MyExtension': ,

# }

# . 爬虫允许的最大深度，可以通过meta查看当前深度；0表示无深度

# DEPTH_LIMIT = 

# . 爬取时，0表示深度优先Lifo(默认)；1表示广度优先FiFo

# 后进先出，深度优先

# DEPTH_PRIORITY =

# SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE = 'scrapy.squeue.PickleLifoDiskQueue'

# SCHEDULER_MEMORY_QUEUE = 'scrapy.squeue.LifoMemoryQueue'

# 先进先出，广度优先

# DEPTH_PRIORITY =

# SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE = 'scrapy.squeue.PickleFifoDiskQueue'

# SCHEDULER_MEMORY_QUEUE = 'scrapy.squeue.FifoMemoryQueue'

# . 调度器队列

# SCHEDULER = 'scrapy.core.scheduler.Scheduler'

# from scrapy.core.scheduler import Scheduler

# . 访问URL去重

# DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'step8_king.duplication.RepeatUrl'

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)

# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html

"""

. 自动限速算法

    from scrapy.contrib.throttle import AutoThrottle

    自动限速设置

    . 获取最小延迟 DOWNLOAD_DELAY

    . 获取最大延迟 AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY

    . 设置初始下载延迟 AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY

    . 当请求下载完成后，获取其"连接"时间 latency，即：请求连接到接受到响应头之间的时间

    . 用于计算的... AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY

    target_delay = latency / self.target_concurrency

    new_delay = (slot.delay + target_delay) / 2.0 # 表示上一次的延迟时间

    new_delay = max(target_delay, new_delay)

    new_delay = min(max(self.mindelay, new_delay), self.maxdelay)

    slot.delay = new_delay

"""

# 开始自动限速

# AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True

# The initial download delay

# 初始下载延迟

# AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY =

# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies

# 最大下载延迟

# AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY =

# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to each remote server

# 平均每秒并发数

# AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0

# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:

# 是否显示

# AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = True

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)

# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings

"""

. 启用缓存

    目的用于将已经发送的请求或相应缓存下来，以便以后使用

    from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcache import HttpCacheMiddleware

    from scrapy.extensions.httpcache import DummyPolicy

    from scrapy.extensions.httpcache import FilesystemCacheStorage

"""

# 是否启用缓存策略

# HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True

# 缓存策略：所有请求均缓存，下次在请求直接访问原来的缓存即可

# HTTPCACHE_POLICY = "scrapy.extensions.httpcache.DummyPolicy"

# 缓存策略：根据Http响应头：Cache-Control、Last-Modified 等进行缓存的策略

# HTTPCACHE_POLICY = "scrapy.extensions.httpcache.RFC2616Policy"

# 缓存超时时间

# HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 

# 缓存保存路径

# HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'

# 缓存忽略的Http状态码

# HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []

# 缓存存储的插件

# HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

"""

. 代理，需要在环境变量中设置

    from scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy import HttpProxyMiddleware

    方式一：使用默认

        os.environ

        {

            http_proxy:http://root:woshiniba@192.168.11.11:9999/

            https_proxy:http://192.168.11.11:9999/

        }

    方式二：使用自定义下载中间件

    def to_bytes(text, encoding=None, errors='strict'):

        if isinstance(text, bytes):

            return text

        if not isinstance(text, six.string_types):

            raise TypeError('to_bytes must receive a unicode, str or bytes '

                            'object, got %s' % type(text).__name__)

        if encoding is None:

            encoding = 'utf-8'

        return text.encode(encoding, errors)

    class ProxyMiddleware(object):

        def process_request(self, request, spider):

            PROXIES = [

                {'ip_port': '111.11.228.75:80', 'user_pass': ''},

                {'ip_port': '120.198.243.22:80', 'user_pass': ''},

                {'ip_port': '111.8.60.9:8123', 'user_pass': ''},

                {'ip_port': '101.71.27.120:80', 'user_pass': ''},

                {'ip_port': '122.96.59.104:80', 'user_pass': ''},

                {'ip_port': '122.224.249.122:8088', 'user_pass': ''},

            ]

            proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)

            if proxy['user_pass'] is not None:

                request.meta['proxy'] = to_bytes（"http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']）

                encoded_user_pass = base64.encodestring(to_bytes(proxy['user_pass']))

                request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = to_bytes('Basic ' + encoded_user_pass)

                print "**************ProxyMiddleware have pass************" + proxy['ip_port']

            else:

                print "**************ProxyMiddleware no pass************" + proxy['ip_port']

                request.meta['proxy'] = to_bytes("http://%s" % proxy['ip_port'])

    DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {

       'step8_king.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': ,

    }

"""

"""

. Https访问

    Https访问时有两种情况：

    . 要爬取网站使用的可信任证书(默认支持)

        DOWNLOADER_HTTPCLIENTFACTORY = "scrapy.core.downloader.webclient.ScrapyHTTPClientFactory"

        DOWNLOADER_CLIENTCONTEXTFACTORY = "scrapy.core.downloader.contextfactory.ScrapyClientContextFactory"

    . 要爬取网站使用的自定义证书

        DOWNLOADER_HTTPCLIENTFACTORY = "scrapy.core.downloader.webclient.ScrapyHTTPClientFactory"

        DOWNLOADER_CLIENTCONTEXTFACTORY = "step8_king.https.MySSLFactory"

        # https.py

        from scrapy.core.downloader.contextfactory import ScrapyClientContextFactory

        from twisted.internet.ssl import (optionsForClientTLS, CertificateOptions, PrivateCertificate)

        class MySSLFactory(ScrapyClientContextFactory):

            def getCertificateOptions(self):

                from OpenSSL import crypto

                v1 = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, open('/Users/wupeiqi/client.key.unsecure', mode='r').read())

                v2 = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, open('/Users/wupeiqi/client.pem', mode='r').read())

                return CertificateOptions(

                    privateKey=v1,  # pKey对象

                    certificate=v2,  # X509对象

                    verify=False,

                    method=getattr(self, 'method', getattr(self, '_ssl_method', None))

                )

    其他：

        相关类

            scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HttpDownloadHandler

            scrapy.core.downloader.webclient.ScrapyHTTPClientFactory

            scrapy.core.downloader.contextfactory.ScrapyClientContextFactory

        相关配置

            DOWNLOADER_HTTPCLIENTFACTORY

            DOWNLOADER_CLIENTCONTEXTFACTORY

"""

"""

. 爬虫中间件

    class SpiderMiddleware(object):

        def process_spider_input(self,response, spider):

            '''

            下载完成，执行，然后交给parse处理

            :param response:

            :param spider:

            :return:

            '''

            pass

        def process_spider_output(self,response, result, spider):

            '''

            spider处理完成，返回时调用

            :param response:

            :param result:

            :param spider:

            :return: 必须返回包含 Request 或 Item 对象的可迭代对象(iterable)

            '''

            return result

        def process_spider_exception(self,response, exception, spider):

            '''

            异常调用

            :param response:

            :param exception:

            :param spider:

            :return: None,继续交给后续中间件处理异常；含 Response 或 Item 的可迭代对象(iterable)，交给调度器或pipeline

            '''

            return None

        def process_start_requests(self,start_requests, spider):

            '''

            爬虫启动时调用

            :param start_requests:

            :param spider:

            :return: 包含 Request 对象的可迭代对象

            '''

            return start_requests

    内置爬虫中间件：

        'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.referer.RefererMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.depth.DepthMiddleware': ,

"""

# from scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.referer import RefererMiddleware

# Enable or disable spider middlewares

# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {

   # 'step8_king.middlewares.SpiderMiddleware': ,

}

"""

. 下载中间件

    class DownMiddleware1(object):

        def process_request(self, request, spider):

            '''

            请求需要被下载时，经过所有下载器中间件的process_request调用

            :param request:

            :param spider:

            :return:

                None,继续后续中间件去下载；

                Response对象，停止process_request的执行，开始执行process_response

                Request对象，停止中间件的执行，将Request重新调度器

                raise IgnoreRequest异常，停止process_request的执行，开始执行process_exception

            '''

            pass

        def process_response(self, request, response, spider):

            '''

            spider处理完成，返回时调用

            :param response:

            :param result:

            :param spider:

            :return:

                Response 对象：转交给其他中间件process_response

                Request 对象：停止中间件，request会被重新调度下载

                raise IgnoreRequest 异常：调用Request.errback

            '''

            print('response1')

            return response

        def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):

            '''

            当下载处理器(download handler)或 process_request() (下载中间件)抛出异常

            :param response:

            :param exception:

            :param spider:

            :return:

                None：继续交给后续中间件处理异常；

                Response对象：停止后续process_exception方法

                Request对象：停止中间件，request将会被重新调用下载

            '''

            return None

    默认下载中间件

    {

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.retry.RetryMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.redirect.RedirectMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.cookies.CookiesMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.chunked.ChunkedTransferMiddleware': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.stats.DownloaderStats': ,

        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcache.HttpCacheMiddleware': ,

    }

"""

# from scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpauth import HttpAuthMiddleware

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares

# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html

# DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {

#    'step8_king.middlewares.DownMiddleware1': ,

#    'step8_king.middlewares.DownMiddleware2': ,

# }

scrapy-redis 自定义去重规则

############### xxx.py  ######

from scrapy_redis.dupefilter import RFPDupeFilter

from scrapy_redis.connection import get_redis_from_settings

from scrapy_redis import defaults

class RdisDupeFilter(RFPDupeFilter):

    @classmethod

    def from_settings(cls, settings):

        server = get_redis_from_settings(settings)

        key = defaults.DUPEFILTER_KEY % {'timestamp':'myScrapy'}

        debug = settings.getbool('DUPEFILTER_DEBUG')

        return cls(server, key=key, debug=debug)

########################### settings.py ##########

# ######################### scrapy redis连接 ##############

REDIS_HOST = "129.28.96.43"  #主机名

REDIS_PORT = 6379            #端口

REDIS_PARAMS = {'password':"beta"}

REDIS_ENCODEING = "utf-8"    #redis编码类型

# REDIS_URL = 'redis://user:pwd@hostname:9001' #连接URL 优先上面配置

DUPEFILTER_KEY = 'dupefilter:%(timestamp)s'

# DUPEFLITER_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter'

DUPEFLITER_CLASS = 'myscrapy.xxx.RedisDupeFilter'

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