【基于WinForm+Access局域网共享数据库的项目总结】之篇二:WinForm开发扇形图统计和Excel数据导出

时间:2023-03-08 15:34:51

篇一:WinForm开发总体概述与技术实现

篇二:WinForm开发扇形图统计和Excel数据导出

篇三:Access远程连接数据库和窗体打包部署


【小记】:最近基于WinForm+Access数据库完成一个法律咨询管理系统。本系统要求类似网页后台管理效果,并且基于局域网内,完成多客户端操作同一数据库,根据权限不同分别执行不同功能模块。核心模块为级联统计类型管理、数据库咨询数据扇形统计、树的操作、咨询数据的管理、手写分页、Excel数据的导出、多用户操作服务器数据等。并支持多用户同时操作,远程连接数据库且对数据IP信息的修改。开发过程中特别对界面的要求和事后多用户操作显得略为麻烦。自此,本项目得以完善交付,然后对其进行小结。依旧采用整个框架认识,核心知识逐个梳理分析,以便于二次开发和需要之程序员共享。


篇二:WinForm开发扇形图统计和Excel数据导出

【开篇】本章概述


开发过程简介:应客户需求,在法律咨询系统中以扇形图形式进行数据统计。需求如下:(图表需要统计的数据 各咨询类型小类的数量、以及占大类的百分比,可随意组合生成。例如,(以民事 - 婚姻家庭 - 抚养为例)所有民事的占总案件的比例,婚姻家庭占所有民事的比例,抚养占所有婚姻家庭的比例。)现在核心问题在于两点,第一、如果单级易于把握,但是多级无限组合似乎有难度;第二、web和wpf等开发都有现成的控件或者组件应用经验,而winfrom的相关控件不熟悉;第三、只能通过网上查询相关资料,具体查询结果我做个总结,以供需要之人,免得浪费时间。

一、扇形统计图解决思路:(以下资料中包含扇形图、饼状图、折线图)

1 下个MSChart控件,里面可以直接用
2 C#编写的图像:http://www.cnblogs.com/ziyiFly/archive/2008/09/24/1297841.html
3 比较简洁:http://netdz.blog.163.com/blog/static/2106990252012725104054804/
4 参考:http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/e75aca858b6630142edac6de.html
但是,最终以上思路还没有解决问题。因为我采用的直接C#代码绘制图片显示方式,然后图片pictureBox控件中显示。这样会出现至上而下流形式的输出。使得页面布局效果很差。最终自己改进后,采用两个pictureBox控件,一个用于输出图片流,另一个用于输出文字流。实现效果如下(三级实现,下面显示2级的效果,因为后台核心代码基本一致)

【基于WinForm+Access局域网共享数据库的项目总结】之篇二:WinForm开发扇形图统计和Excel数据导出

程序编写思路:

1、窗体页面放置两个pictureBox控件显示图片和数据信息.

2、构造Cartogram统计图类,然后构造方法,最后讲控件名和查询数据文本传参。Cartogram.CreateTestImage(pictureBox1, pictureBox2, comboBox1.Text);

3、在统计方法中首先模糊查询获取总的条目,然后将类型表中所有那列类型数据保存在数组中,以便下面遍历。

       public static ArrayList BindB(string type)
{
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
string sql = "select * from B_type where aname='" + type + "'";
DataSet ds = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetSetData(sql);
if (ds.Tables[].Rows.Count > )
{
for (int j = ; j < ds.Tables[].Rows.Count; j++)
{
al.Add(ds.Tables[].Rows[j]["bname"].ToString());
}
} return al;
}

4、再进行遍历数组,查到每个类型的条目,然后比总数获取百分比进行在圆图上比例显示。到此每个类型所占比例的统计图构造完成,那么怎么打印数目和百分比?

           int childtype = ;
ArrayList coun = new ArrayList();
for (int i = ; i < a.Count; i++)
{
//子事件总数
childtype = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + a[i].ToString() + "%" + "'");
//画占扇形图的比例
objgraphics.FillPie((SolidBrush)colors[i], pierect, currentdegree, Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * );
currentdegree += Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * ;
coun.Add(childtype);
}

5、依旧采用遍历方式,将上面遍历的每个类型条目输出,然后除总数目转化成百分比。最后实例化两个图片对象进行输出

           for (int i = ; i < a.Count; i++)
{
kuandu += ;
y += ;
objgraphics1.DrawString(a[i] + "事件: " + (coun[i]), fontlegend, blackbrush, x, kuandu);
objgraphics1.FillRectangle((SolidBrush)colors[i], , y, , );
objgraphics1.DrawString("所占比率: " + Convert.ToString((Convert.ToSingle(coun[i]) / Total) * ) + " %", fontlegend, blackbrush, , kuandu);
}

6、网页输出和窗体输出的区别?即本代码适应于网页和窗体

网页输出图片流:

Response.ContentType = "image/Jpeg";
objbitmap.Save(Response.OutputStream, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);
objgraphics.Dispose();
objbitmap.Dispose();

窗体输出图片流:

           pictureBox1.Image = objbitmap;
pictureBox2.Image = objbitmap1;

完整统计图源码:

       static string date = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd");

       public static ArrayList BindA()
{
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
string sql = "select * from A_type";
DataSet ds = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetSetData(sql);
if (ds.Tables[].Rows.Count > )
{
for (int j = ; j < ds.Tables[].Rows.Count; j++)
{
al.Add(ds.Tables[].Rows[j]["name"].ToString());
}
}
return al;
}
public static ArrayList BindB(string type)
{
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
string sql = "select * from B_type where aname='" + type + "'";
DataSet ds = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetSetData(sql);
if (ds.Tables[].Rows.Count > )
{
for (int j = ; j < ds.Tables[].Rows.Count; j++)
{
al.Add(ds.Tables[].Rows[j]["bname"].ToString());
}
} return al;
}
public static ArrayList BindC(string type)
{
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
string sql = "select * from C_type where bname='" + type + "'";
DataSet ds = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetSetData(sql);
if (ds.Tables[].Rows.Count > )
{
for (int j = ; j < ds.Tables[].Rows.Count; j++)
{
al.Add(ds.Tables[].Rows[j]["cname"].ToString());
}
} return al;
}
//一级统计图
public static void CreateTestImage(PictureBox pictureBox1, PictureBox pictureBox2)
{
ArrayList a = BindA();
//把连接字串指定为一个常量
float Total = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("select count(*) from L_consult");//获取总的条目数
#region
//设置字体,fonttitle为主标题的字体
Font fontlegend = new Font("verdana", );
Font fonttitle = new Font("verdana", , FontStyle.Bold); //背景宽
int width = ;
int bufferspace = ;
int legendheight = fontlegend.Height * + bufferspace; //高度
int titleheight = fonttitle.Height + bufferspace;
int height = width + legendheight + titleheight + bufferspace;//白色背景高
int pieheight = width;
Rectangle pierect = new Rectangle(, titleheight, width, pieheight); //加上各种随机色
ArrayList colors = new ArrayList();
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = ; i < ; i++)
colors.Add(new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(), rnd.Next(), rnd.Next()))); //创建一个bitmap实例
Bitmap objbitmap = new Bitmap(width, height);
Graphics objgraphics = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap); Bitmap objbitmap1 = new Bitmap(width, height);
Graphics objgraphics1 = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap1); //画一个白色背景
objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.White), , , width, height); //画一个亮黄色背景
objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.Beige), pierect); //以下为画饼图(有几行row画几个)
float currentdegree = 0.0f;
#endregion
int childtype = ;
ArrayList coun = new ArrayList();
for (int i = ; i < a.Count; i++)
{
//子事件总数
childtype = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + a[i].ToString() + "%" + "'");
//画子事件总数
objgraphics.FillPie((SolidBrush)colors[i], pierect, currentdegree, Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * );
currentdegree += Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * ;
coun.Add(childtype);
} //以下为生成主标题
SolidBrush blackbrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
SolidBrush bluebrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue);
string title = " 律师事务所统计饼状图: " + "\n \n\n";
StringFormat stringFormat = new StringFormat();
stringFormat.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
stringFormat.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;
objgraphics.DrawString(title, fonttitle, blackbrush, new Rectangle(, , width, titleheight), stringFormat); //列出各字段与得数目
objgraphics1.DrawRectangle(new Pen(Color.White, ), , , , ); objgraphics1.DrawString("---------------咨询事件统计信息---------------------", fontlegend, bluebrush, , );
objgraphics1.DrawString("统计单位: " + "律师事务所", fontlegend, blackbrush, , );
objgraphics1.DrawString("统计年份: " + date, fontlegend, blackbrush, , );
objgraphics1.DrawString("事件咨询总数: " + Convert.ToString(Total), fontlegend, blackbrush, , );
int kuandu = ;
int y = ;
int x = ;
for (int i = ; i < a.Count; i++)
{
kuandu += ;
y += ;
objgraphics1.DrawString(a[i] + "事件: " + (coun[i]), fontlegend, blackbrush, x, kuandu);
objgraphics1.FillRectangle((SolidBrush)colors[i], , y, , );
objgraphics1.DrawString("所占比率: " + Convert.ToString((Convert.ToSingle(coun[i]) / Total) * ) + " %", fontlegend, blackbrush, , kuandu);
}
pictureBox1.Image = objbitmap;
pictureBox2.Image = objbitmap1;
} //二级统计图
public static void CreateTestImage(PictureBox pictureBox1, PictureBox pictureBox2, string type)
{
ArrayList a = BindB(type);
//把连接字串指定为一个常量
float Total = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + type + "%" + "'");//获取总的条目数
#region
//设置字体,fonttitle为主标题的字体
Font fontlegend = new Font("verdana", );
Font fonttitle = new Font("verdana", , FontStyle.Bold); //背景宽
int width = ;
int bufferspace = ;
int legendheight = fontlegend.Height * + bufferspace; //高度
int titleheight = fonttitle.Height + bufferspace;
int height = width + legendheight + titleheight + bufferspace;//白色背景高
int pieheight = width;
Rectangle pierect = new Rectangle(, titleheight, width, pieheight); //加上各种随机色
ArrayList colors = new ArrayList();
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = ; i < ; i++)
colors.Add(new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(), rnd.Next(), rnd.Next()))); //创建一个bitmap实例
Bitmap objbitmap = new Bitmap(width, height);
Graphics objgraphics = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap); Bitmap objbitmap1 = new Bitmap(width, height);
Graphics objgraphics1 = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap1); //画一个白色背景
objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.White), , , width, height); //画一个亮黄色背景
objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.Beige), pierect); //以下为画饼图(有几行row画几个)
float currentdegree = 0.0f;
#endregion
int childtype = ;
ArrayList coun = new ArrayList();
for (int i = ; i < a.Count; i++)
{
//子事件总数
childtype = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + a[i].ToString() + "%" + "'");
//画占扇形图的比例
objgraphics.FillPie((SolidBrush)colors[i], pierect, currentdegree, Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * );
currentdegree += Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * ;
coun.Add(childtype);
} //以下为生成主标题
SolidBrush blackbrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
SolidBrush bluebrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue);
string title = " 律师事务所统计饼状图: " + "\n \n\n";
StringFormat stringFormat = new StringFormat();
stringFormat.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
stringFormat.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;
objgraphics.DrawString(title, fonttitle, blackbrush, new Rectangle(, , width, titleheight), stringFormat); //列出各字段与得数目
objgraphics1.DrawRectangle(new Pen(Color.White, ), , , , ); objgraphics1.DrawString("---------------咨询事件统计信息---------------------", fontlegend, bluebrush, , );
objgraphics1.DrawString("统计单位: " + "律师事务所", fontlegend, blackbrush, , );
// objgraphics1.DrawString("【统计时间:】" + date, fontlegend, blackbrush, 40, 40);
objgraphics1.DrawString("事件咨询总数: " + Convert.ToString(Total), fontlegend, blackbrush, , );
int kuandu = ;
int y = ;
int x = ;
for (int i = ; i < a.Count; i++)
{
kuandu += ;
y += ;
objgraphics1.DrawString(a[i] + "事件: " + (coun[i]), fontlegend, blackbrush, x, kuandu);
objgraphics1.FillRectangle((SolidBrush)colors[i], , y, , );
objgraphics1.DrawString("所占比率: " + Convert.ToString((Convert.ToSingle(coun[i]) / Total) * ) + " %", fontlegend, blackbrush, , kuandu);
}
pictureBox1.Image = objbitmap;
pictureBox2.Image = objbitmap1;
} //三级统计图
public static void CreateThreeImage(PictureBox pictureBox1, PictureBox pictureBox2, string bname)
{
ArrayList a = BindC(bname);
//把连接字串指定为一个常量
float Total = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + bname + "%" + "'");//获取总的条目数
#region
//设置字体,fonttitle为主标题的字体
Font fontlegend = new Font("verdana", );
Font fonttitle = new Font("verdana", , FontStyle.Bold); //背景宽
int width = ;
int bufferspace = ;
int legendheight = fontlegend.Height * + bufferspace; //高度
int titleheight = fonttitle.Height + bufferspace;
int height = width + legendheight + titleheight + bufferspace;//白色背景高
int pieheight = width;
Rectangle pierect = new Rectangle(, titleheight, width, pieheight); //加上各种随机色
ArrayList colors = new ArrayList();
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = ; i < ; i++)
colors.Add(new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(), rnd.Next(), rnd.Next()))); //创建一个bitmap实例
Bitmap objbitmap = new Bitmap(width, height);
Graphics objgraphics = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap); Bitmap objbitmap1 = new Bitmap(width, height);
Graphics objgraphics1 = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap1); //画一个白色背景
objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.White), , , width, height); //画一个亮黄色背景
objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.Beige), pierect); //以下为画饼图(有几行row画几个)
float currentdegree = 0.0f;
#endregion
int childtype = ;
ArrayList coun = new ArrayList();
for (int i = ; i < a.Count; i++)
{
//子事件总数
childtype = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + a[i].ToString() + "%" + "'");
//画通过人数
objgraphics.FillPie((SolidBrush)colors[i], pierect, currentdegree, Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * );
currentdegree += Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * ;
coun.Add(childtype);
} //以下为生成主标题
SolidBrush blackbrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
SolidBrush bluebrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue);
string title = " 律师事务所统计饼状图: " + "\n \n\n";
StringFormat stringFormat = new StringFormat();
stringFormat.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
stringFormat.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;
objgraphics.DrawString(title, fonttitle, blackbrush, new Rectangle(, , width, titleheight), stringFormat); //列出各字段与得数目
objgraphics1.DrawRectangle(new Pen(Color.White, ), , , , ); objgraphics1.DrawString("---------------咨询事件统计信息---------------------", fontlegend, bluebrush, , );
objgraphics1.DrawString("统计单位: " + "律师事务所", fontlegend, blackbrush, , );
// objgraphics1.DrawString("【统计时间:】" + date, fontlegend, blackbrush, 40, 40);
objgraphics1.DrawString("事件咨询总数: " + Convert.ToString(Total), fontlegend, blackbrush, , );
int kuandu = ;
int y = ;
int x = ;
for (int i = ; i < a.Count; i++)
{
kuandu += ;
y += ;
objgraphics1.DrawString(a[i] + "事件: " + (coun[i]), fontlegend, blackbrush, x, kuandu);
objgraphics1.FillRectangle((SolidBrush)colors[i], , y, , );
objgraphics1.DrawString("所占比率: " + Convert.ToString((Convert.ToSingle(coun[i]) / Total) * ) + " %", fontlegend, blackbrush, , kuandu);
}
pictureBox1.Image = objbitmap;
pictureBox2.Image = objbitmap1;
}

二、对当前页数据和全部数据导出的功能实现

首先咱们还是看看效果,然后我说下思路,最后查看源码:

【基于WinForm+Access局域网共享数据库的项目总结】之篇二:WinForm开发扇形图统计和Excel数据导出

注释:当用户点击导出当前页,则以Excel形式导出当前页信息,当用户关闭时候,提示是否保存。这样既可以达到查询效果,也可以根据需求进行保存。当然导出所有页效果一样。

思路:在方法中传入两个参数(数据源控件名DataGridView,布尔值flag),在方法中对DataGridView进行遍历打印出标头,然后在对各列数据进行填充。最后通过控件器flag控制,如果flag==true,则进行数据保存关闭Excel,如果false直接关闭

补充:有时候,在导出Excel时候,不希望直接显示关闭时保存,即如上方法。希望直接弹窗,提示保存物理路径进行保存。在如下代码,将两种形式实现方法都进行粘贴出来。

方法一、关闭时保存

    #region DataGridView数据显示到Excel
/// <summary>
/// 打开Excel并将DataGridView控件中数据导出到Excel
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dgv">DataGridView对象 </param>
/// <param name="isShowExcle">是否显示Excel界面 </param>
/// <remarks>
/// add com "Microsoft Excel 11.0 Object Library"
/// using Excel=Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
/// </remarks>
/// <returns> </returns>
public bool DataGridviewShowToExcel(DataGridView dgv, bool isShowExcle)
{
try
{
if (dgv.Rows.Count == )
return false;
//建立Excel对象
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application excel = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
excel.Application.Workbooks.Add(true);
excel.Visible = isShowExcle;
//生成字段名称
for (int i = ; i < dgv.ColumnCount; i++)
{
excel.Cells[, i + ] = dgv.Columns[i].HeaderText;
}
//填充数据
for (int i = ; i < dgv.RowCount; i++)
{
for (int j = ; j < dgv.ColumnCount; j++)
{
if (dgv[j, i].ValueType == typeof(string))
{
excel.Cells[i + , j + ] = "'" + dgv[j, i].Value.ToString();
}
else
{
excel.Cells[i + , j + ] = dgv[j, i].Value.ToString();
}
}
}
return true;
}
catch
{
return false;
}
}
#endregion

方法二、直接提示保存

 #region DateGridView导出到csv格式的Excel
/// <summary>
/// 常用方法,列之间加\t,一行一行输出,此文件其实是csv文件,不过默认可以当成Excel打开。
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// using System.IO;
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="dgv"></param>
public void DataGridViewToExcel(DataGridView dgv)
{
SaveFileDialog dlg = new SaveFileDialog();
dlg.Filter = "Execl files (*.xls)|*.xls";
dlg.FilterIndex = ;
dlg.RestoreDirectory = true;
dlg.CreatePrompt = true;
dlg.Title = "保存为Excel文件"; if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
Stream myStream;
myStream = dlg.OpenFile();
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(myStream, System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(-));
string columnTitle = "";
try
{
//写入列标题
for (int i = ; i < dgv.ColumnCount; i++)
{
if (i > )
{
columnTitle += "\t";
}
columnTitle += dgv.Columns[i].HeaderText;
}
sw.WriteLine(columnTitle); //写入列内容
for (int j = ; j < dgv.Rows.Count; j++)
{
string columnValue = "";
for (int k = ; k < dgv.Columns.Count; k++)
{
if (k > )
{
columnValue += "\t";
}
if (dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value == null)
columnValue += "";
else
columnValue += dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value.ToString().Trim();
}
sw.WriteLine(columnValue);
}
sw.Close();
myStream.Close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.ToString());
}
finally
{
sw.Close();
myStream.Close();
}
}
}
#endregion

【篇中】技术梳理


1、如何点击按钮显示弹窗保存或者加载文件?

           SaveFileDialog dlg = new SaveFileDialog();
dlg.Filter = "Execl files (*.xls)|*.xls";
dlg.FilterIndex = ;
dlg.RestoreDirectory = true;
dlg.CreatePrompt = true;
dlg.Title = "保存为Excel文件"; if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
。。。。。
}

2、如何遍历数据控件的列名并写入Excel?

  for (int i = ; i < dgv.ColumnCount; i++)
{
if (i > )
{
columnTitle += "\t";
}
columnTitle += dgv.Columns[i].HeaderText;
}
sw.WriteLine(columnTitle);

3、如何遍历数据逐行写入Excel?

                    //写入列内容
for (int j = ; j < dgv.Rows.Count; j++)
{
string columnValue = "";
for (int k = ; k < dgv.Columns.Count; k++)
{
if (k > )
{
columnValue += "\t";
}
if (dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value == null)
columnValue += "";
else
columnValue += dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value.ToString().Trim();
}
sw.WriteLine(columnValue);
}
sw.Close();
myStream.Close();

4、怎么使用集合保存数据?

       public static ArrayList BindA()
{
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
string sql = "select * from A_type";
DataSet ds = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetSetData(sql);
if (ds.Tables[].Rows.Count > )
{
for (int j = ; j < ds.Tables[].Rows.Count; j++)
{
al.Add(ds.Tables[].Rows[j]["name"].ToString());
}
}
return al;
}

5、怎样显示随机颜色?

 Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = ; i < ; i++)
colors.Add(new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(), rnd.Next(), rnd.Next())));

【篇末】项目小结


到此为止,本篇介绍了窗体显示扇形图的思想和代码。并且提供了支持网页和窗体共享的通用源码,在这个过程中推荐了几遍相关的技术文档。然后又针对导出Excel不同效果的分析与总结,结合第一遍实现上整天核心点已经讲完。其他简单的功能没有在文章中赘述。下章主要介绍,在配置远程连接数据库遇到问题,以及如何解决问题,关于vpn和ftp是摸索中遇到的,到时候一并介绍。另外如何在服务器分享文件,控制文件读写权限。客户端如何远程连接服务器数据库等关于配置安装问题。