这篇文章主要介绍了python数据结构之二叉树的统计与转换实例，例如统计二叉树的叶子、分支节点，以及二叉树的左右两树互换等,需要的朋友可以参考下
一、获取二叉树的深度
就是二叉树最后的层次，如下图：
实现代码：
代码如下:
def getheight(self):
''' 获取二叉树深度 '''
return self.__get_tree_height(self.root)
def
__get_tree_height(self, root):
if root is 0:
return 0
if root.left is 0 and root.right is 0:
return 1
else:
left = self.__get_tree_height(root.left)
right = self.__get_tree_height(root.right)
if left < right:
return right 1
else:
return left 1
二、叶子的统计
叶子就是二叉树的节点的 left 指针和 right 指针分别指向空的节点
复制代码 代码如下:
def getleafcount(self):
''' 获取二叉树叶子数 '''
return self.__count_leaf_node(self.root)
def
__count_leaf_node(self, root):
res = 0
if root is 0:
return res
if root.left is 0 and root.right is 0:
res = 1
return res
if root.left is not 0:
res = self.__count_leaf_node(root.left)
if root.right is not 0:
res = self.__count_leaf_node(root.right)
return res
三、统计叶子的分支节点
与叶子节点相对的其他节点 left 和 right 的指针指向其他节点
复制代码 代码如下:
def getbranchcount(self):
''' 获取二叉树分支节点数 '''
return self.__get_branch_node(self.root)
def
__get_branch_node(self, root):
if root is 0:
return 0
if root.left is 0 and root.right is 0:
return 0
else:
return 1 self.__get_branch_node(root.left)
self.__get_branch_node(root.right)
四、二叉树左右树互换
代码如下:
def replacelem(self):
''' 二叉树所有结点的左右子树相互交换 '''
self.__replace_element(self.root)
def
__replace_element(self, root):
if root is 0:
return
root.left, root.right = root.right, root.left
self.__replace_element(root.left)
self.__replace_element(root.right)
这些方法和操作，都是运用递归。其实二叉树的定义也是一种递归。附上最后的完整代码：
代码如下:
# -*- coding: utf - 8 - *-
class TreeNode(object):
def
__init__(self, left=0, right=0, data=0):
self.left = left
self.right = right
self.data = data
class BinaryTree(object):
def
__init__(self, root=0):
self.root = root
def
is_empty(self):
if self.root is 0:
return True
else:
return False
def
create(self):
temp = input('enter a value:')
if temp is '#':
return 0
treenode = TreeNode(data=temp)
if self.root is 0:
self.root = treenode
treenode.left = self.create()
treenode.right = self.create()
def
preorder(self, treenode):
'前序（pre-order，NLR）遍历'
if treenode is 0:
return
print treenode.data
self.preorder(treenode.left)
self.preorder(treenode.right)
def
inorder(self, treenode):
'中序（in-order，LNR'
if treenode is 0:
return
self.inorder(treenode.left)
print treenode.data
self.inorder(treenode.right)
def
postorder(self, treenode):
'后序（post-order，LRN）遍历'
if treenode is 0:
return
self.postorder(treenode.left)
self.postorder(treenode.right)
print treenode.data
def
preorders(self, treenode):
'前序（pre-order，NLR）非递归遍历'
stack = []
while treenode or stack:
if treenode is not 0:
print treenode.data
stack.append(treenode)
treenode = treenode.left
else:
treenode = stack.pop()
treenode = treenode.right
def
inorders(self, treenode):
'中序（in-order，LNR) 非递归遍历'
stack = []
while treenode or stack:
if treenode:
stack.append(treenode)
treenode = treenode.left
else:
treenode = stack.pop()
print treenode.data
treenode = treenode.right
def
postorders(self, treenode):
'后序（post-order，LRN）非递归遍历'
stack = []
pre = 0
while treenode or stack:
if treenode:
stack.append(treenode)
treenode = treenode.left
elif stack[-1].right != pre:
treenode = stack[-1].right
pre = 0
else:
pre = stack.pop()
print pre.data
# def
postorders(self, treenode):
#
'后序（post-order，LRN）非递归遍历'
#
stack = []
#
queue = []
#
queue.append(treenode)
#
while queue:
#
treenode = queue.pop()
#
if treenode.left:
#
queue.append(treenode.left)
#
if treenode.right:
#
queue.append(treenode.right)
#
stack.append(treenode)
#
while stack:
#
print stack.pop().data
def
levelorders(self, treenode):
'层序（post-order，LRN）非递归遍历'
from collections import deque
if not treenode:
return
q = deque([treenode])
while q:
treenode = q.popleft()
print treenode.data
if treenode.left:
q.append(treenode.left)
if treenode.right:
q.append(treenode.right)
def
getheight(self):
''' 获取二叉树深度 '''
return self.__get_tree_height(self.root)
def
__get_tree_height(self, root):
if root is 0:
return 0
if root.left is 0 and root.right is 0:
return 1
else:
left = self.__get_tree_height(root.left)
right = self.__get_tree_height(root.right)
if left < right:
return right 1
else:
return left 1
def
getleafcount(self):
''' 获取二叉树叶子数 '''
return self.__count_leaf_node(self.root)
def
__count_leaf_node(self, root):
res = 0
if root is 0:
return res
if root.left is 0 and root.right is 0:
res = 1
return res
if root.left is not 0:
res = self.__count_leaf_node(root.left)
if root.right is not 0:
res = self.__count_leaf_node(root.right)
return res
def
getbranchcount(self):
''' 获取二叉树分支节点数 '''
return self.__get_branch_node(self.root)
def
__get_branch_node(self, root):
if root is 0:
return 0
if root.left is 0 and root.right is 0:
return 0
else:
return 1 self.__get_branch_node(root.left)
self.__get_branch_node(root.right)
def
replacelem(self):
''' 二叉树所有结点的左右子树相互交换 '''
self.__replace_element(self.root)
def
__replace_element(self, root):
if root is 0:
return
root.left, root.right = root.right, root.left
self.__replace_element(root.left)
self.__replace_element(root.right)
node1 = TreeNode(data=1)
node2 = TreeNode(node1, 0, 2)
node3 = TreeNode(data=3)
node4 = TreeNode(data=4)
node5 = TreeNode(node3, node4, 5)
node6 = TreeNode(node2, node5, 6)
node7 = TreeNode(node6, 0, 7)
node8 = TreeNode(data=8)
root = TreeNode(node7, node8, 'root')
bt = BinaryTree(root)
print u'''
生成的二叉树
------------------------
root
7
8
6
2 5
1 3 4
-------------------------
'''